Relationships and Complexities Among Different Concepts QUESTION 1) Define and do persuasion. 1) Based on our readings and discussions, create a working definition of persuasion. 2) Write persuasively about a current social/political/economic issue that is important in your life. First, identify the issue. Then, employing strategies of persuasion, write an opinion editorial (Op-Ed), either intended for a local or national newspaper to persuade the reader to endorse your position Your Op-Ed is to employ the coactive approach. You should not only use persuasive strategy appropriately, but write in an eloquent and dynamic manner.
Persuasion defined by Webster is:1 the act or process of persuading 2: an opinion held with complete assurance such as a system of religious beliefs 3.adhering to a particular system of beliefs (Persuasion, 2009).
Opinion is a synonym of persuasion. Plato and Socrates felt the ability to impress an audience was the surest path to power and influence (Simons, 2001).
Rhetoric was an art, guile without any real knowledge. Aristotle thought rhetoric was a way to find truth, a way of discerning principles and making decisions (Simons, 2001).
Aristotle was aware of the power of truth and knowledge. Central to persuasion is using communication to influence receivers or an audience to make a choice with consequences (Simons, 2009).
Synonyms for persuasion are coercion or inducement.
Persuasion predisposes an outcome. An attorney attempts to persuade a jury. Advertisements entice customers to buy products. Michael Jordan displays Nikes. Teenager boys, therefore, need Nikes. Salesmen persuade customers to buy their products. Persuasion exerts influence or makes a difference. One of Herbert Simons (2001) goals in writing his book was to make the reader a more powerful persuader.
The Essay on Influences To Our System Of Government
Political Science 1 Influences To Our System of Government Our governmental system is influenced by a number of "inputs" and factors that shape the outcome of political movements and decisions. These "inputs" include public pinions, political parties, interest groups, and the influence of mass media. They influence our government directly as well as indirectly. Not to mention, that our government ...
Ethical persuasion through group interviews, surveys and ratings are used politically, experimentally, or to judge effectiveness of a marketing campaign. Research experiments under controlled conditions imply that behavior is predictable and controllable, and the researcher communicates effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Words have two meanings, face value and implicit value (Simons, 2001).
Conveying a mood, a tone, or a feeling involves the reader in the visual imagery of the message. Simons insists that dynamics of persuasion contribute to our knowledge of society. Ethical persuasion in media and marketing are vital in a market driven democratic society. The current economy is a social economic issue plaguing the world.
Steny Hoyer addressed hard decisions needed to get our fiscal house in order and control spiraling costs (Grant & Lundberg, 2009).
Today, the U. S. fiscal year 2009 deficit is $1.7 trillion. The United States owes $11 trillion dollars with more than $3 trillion held by foreign lenders. The American health care system is the most expensive per-capita in the world, and is not buying us better health.
Employers lay off 600 workers, who are then without health care insurance. Cobra benefits can cost $700 per month. Monique White, 21 years old, diagnosed with lupus was no longer covered on her parents policy after she graduated with a degree in psychology (PBS, 2009).
Rapidly escalating medical costs, forced her to do without needed procedures and drugs. In 2006, she suffered pancreatitis and 26 operations removed dead tissue at a cost of $900,000. She did not die from lupus. She died from complications of a failing health care insurance industry.
Where does anyone get the money to buy medical insurance? Seventy-five percent of all jobs in this country and nearly 50% of the gross domestic product come from small businesses with less than 25 employees (National Governors Association, 2007).
The Dissertation on Job Performance Of Health Center Staff In Brgy. Apas, Cebu City
Rationale The first declaration of Primary Health Care was held in Alma, Alta, USSR on September 6-12, 1978 by the World Health Organization (WHO). This was subsequently implemented by the Philippine Government under the administration of the late President Ferdinand E. Marcos. As of today it is still in effect and continues to serve many people. Normally in the Philippines, the provision of ...
Developing a new business requires determination, courage, perseverance, and a willingness to learn, but anyone who can write New Years resolutions and balance a budget can draft a business plan (Martin, 2009).
Developing a new business can increase annual income ten percent in the first year, and double the income from a full time job within two years (Martin, 2009).
If the world is not concerned with the quality of your life, take control of your own prosperity. If you lose a job and are unable to meet the financial needs of your family, do you feel powerless, angry, or embarrassed? Do you feel shame, drink, find difficulty thinking after a futile, useless job search? Can you envision tomorrow? Seven states were chosen to promote the regional economy through innovative clusters (National Governors Association, 2007).
Clusters boost regional economic capacity by creating jobs and improving wages.
The challenge is to develop a deeper understanding of our cluster, strengthen it, and increase innovation within it. The governor intends to make investments in workforce development and education systems in the states most promising clusters. The cluster is mightier than the chip! The Silicon Valley controls almost one third of the venture capital in this country and 75% of the new jobs. The cluster is more important in new firm development than the product. Entrepreneurial businesses locate within an incubation network of tacit learning, complementary, coordinated relationships, economic interaction, and innovation to insure success. Directors and investors relocate to the cluster for the concentration of opportunities, specialized labor, and resources, co-evolving into a spatial configuration with lawyers, universities, and investment banks. Millions of tourists visit San Antonio, Texas, one of the ten largest cities in the U.
S., but attempts to develop an entrepreneurial cluster in San Antonio failed. Education is a key to developing a supply of highly skilled entrepreneurs capable of transforming the regional economy. Loans for education are easy to obtain and cancelled through loan forgiveness programs for teaching in low socioeconomic status schools or for public service. Some school loan programs refund any unused loan funds to the student each semester or quarter. The Quickbooks Ultimate Business Planner aids in the creation of business plans and financial forecasts (Martin, 2009).
The Term Paper on Evaluating a Business Code of Ethics
Businesses in today’s society share a purpose, a vision, that relates philosophy and principles of ethics to better meet the needs of the organization and stakeholders, including customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, and communities. Without professional ethics, businesses and its programs would not have the ability to be successful. This paper will examine Humana, its business code of ...
Quickbooks, used by 2.5 million small businesses, has software for professionals, for non-profits, or for consultants, which simplifies record keeping, bill paying, invoicing customers, tracking sales and expenses, and maximizing tax deductions.
Business plan, twelve-month cash flow, sales forecast, and planning information templates are available at www.score.org. An executable plan requires thought, preparation, training, resources, and a market for the product or service. An executable plan can be completed to meet the goals and objectives within it, and it leads the entrepreneur to new opportunities. A successful small business owner enjoys greater independence, job satisfaction, and increased income in response to the diminishing job market. Use the Internet, work from home, develop your own niche while increasing your household income! QUESTION 2) Language persuades by intensifying or downplaying messages, or using techniques of compliance-gaining. Watch the final scene of the movie, Thank you for Smoking! Identify specific strategies of intensification, downplaying, and compliance gaining used by the characters in the Senate Hearing.
In this response, 1) Provide a definition for the persuasive techniques of intensification, downplaying, and compliance-gaining and explain the basic rules for employing these techniques. 2) After watching the clips provided for you from the movie, identify the techniques of intensifying or downplaying observed in the movie. In your expert opinion, which specific use of intensifying/downplaying was most persuasive and why? 3) After watching the clips provided for you from the movie, identify the techniques of compliance gaining within it. In your expert critical opinion, which specific use of compliance gaining was most persuasive and why? Simons (2001) says using language to communicate with words, phrases, and accents to conceal, reveal, simplify, sharpen, blur, or make more complex, intensifies or down plays attributes, thoughts, or feelings (Simons, 2001).
Accentuating positives and downplaying negatives, leaving out some words, or not defining terms encourages a viewpoint. Flattery intensifies.
The Term Paper on Cigarette Smoking Among Teenagers
Whether they choose to light up their first cigarette on their own or are unwitting victims of passive smoking, Filipino youth are increasingly at risk from tobacco exposure. “The younger a child starts to smoke, the greater the chances of becoming a regular smoker,” said Dr Maricar Limpin, executive director of the non- government group Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Alliance ...
Persuasion (Simons, 2001), in the form of competition, may be developing the opponents flaws or exposing his or her negative aspects. Using repetition, association with familiar, liked, or known concepts or brand names or trademarks intensifies the perceived value (Simons, 2001).
Downplaying, using omission, diverting, or confusing frustrates and spurs rejection (Simons, 2001).
If message, cost, or features are blurred, the option, service, or product will not be chosen. Simons (2001) concept of compliance gaining, is using language to persuade, intensify, or downplay a message. Ways of gaining compliance (Simons, 2001) is associating negative qualities, with anothers position or viewpoint.
Audience or peer pressure gains compliance. Belittling ones contribution in front of others or recognition of accomplishment through rewards, extinguishes or increases ones contribution. Compliance may be gained through persuasive statements (Simons, 2001).
Simons (2001) points out that during his hearing regarding Monica Lewinski, President Clinton attempted to gain compliance, rather than to testify accurately. He wanted the jury to see him as competent, human, and forgivable. He wanted the jury to respect and vindicate the President of the United States.
Thank you for Smoking! (Youtube, 2009) intensifies cigarette smoking is bad for human health. The movie opened with reporters and senators up in arms. Nick Naylor tells the reporters that he will testify at the Senate Subcommittee hearing unless they revoke his invitation, which Senator Finistre calls a subpeona. He says on the television news that he does not think he will make it to the Finnister family barbecue, but he will testify at the senate subcommittee. On the news he says he lives at 600 Massachusetts Avenue and that he is the now unemployed Vice President of the Tobacco Studies Institute. He appears to use the news broadcast for publicity.
Persuasion is appealing to reason or emotions, and “influence” or “power” is “the capacity to bring about change” in behavior, attitude, or belief (Rhodes, 2003).
A persuasive argument that is mutually satisfactory is “reframing (Simons, 2001).
The Essay on Cigarette Smoking Is Considered To Be Injurious To The Health
Cigarette smoking is considered to be injurious to the health of a person. It is the reason many diseases that include lung cancer, cancer of larynx, kidney, bladder, and cervix. The habit of smoking has increasingly gained importance due to various harmful effects on the human body that have led to numerous deaths. The media has played an important role in creating awareness about the same. Some ...
In the senate hearing, the reorganization of existing information with negotiation skills can bring about a changed attitude. The Colonel Sanders of the Tobacco Industry (Youtube, 2009), the crack guy who can get any girl he wants, the tobacco industries ambassador fronts an organization that kills 1200 people per day. He kills more than two airplane loads of people per day. Trafficking in human misery, the tobacco agent of the MOD squad (merchants of death) uses sarcasm and humor to make cigarettes desirable.
With the alcohol agent, slightly drunk, states alcohol kills 200 people per day. The tobacco merchant knows if you argue correctly, you never lose. Nick Naylor angers the senator from Wisconisn, when he attempts to reframe or come to a mutually satisfactory position that will change the attitude of the senate. He tries to persuade the senate that Wisconsin cheese is more dangerous than cigarette smoking. Nick says with regards to cigarettes We do not clog arteries with cholesterol like Wisconsin cheese! Next, it becomes apparent that Nick bribed Senator Finister of Wisconsin. Nicks son asked, How did you get him to take all that money? Nick Naylor answered, He would be crazy not to.
Nick is unscrupulous with no values. He emphasizes id driven behavior and lack of morals. The senator says, I do not suppose I can denounce you for half of the money. Nick says, No keep it all the money, or give it all away. Senator Finistre wants him fired. Nick says he is unemployed, but he was the vice president of tobacco studies. When he does not succeed in portraying smoking in a positive light, Nick downplays the Senator saying he is tickled by the senator, the gentleman from Wisconsin, who slashes the tobacco field and sets it on fire.
The repetition of cigarettes and cigarette smoking in this essay has the same effect as we might visualize smoking filthy tobacco has on lung tissue, the most delicate tissue in the human body. The repetition causes one to be disgusted or sick of cigarette smoking. The film gains compliance in a number of ways, but the use of the children, causing confusion in the minds of the children epitomizes the negative disgusting view of the tobacco industry that they are trying to create. Nick Naylor says he is trying to teach kids not to listen to their parents and the warnings about smoking that they hear and make up their own minds. A young girl in the classroom says that America is the greatest country in the world because we are free to think and choose for ourselves. She decided to remain open minded about smoking cigarettes as Nick Naylor taught and will decide later for herself about cigarette smoking. Even Nicks son is unsure of himself.
The Essay on Effect of Cigarette Smoking
This presentation evaluates the impact of tobacco smoking in Nigeria with a proposed structured strategy based on theoretical approaches and public Health models to tackle this complex Health problem in a bid to improve and protect Health. Until recently, non communicable diseases still rank highest among the causes of preventable and premature deaths worldwide (WHO, 2010). These include ...
He uses the audience of peers to make the kids not decide against cigarette smoking but to remain free to decide for themselves on the subject of cigarettes when they get older. Nick hopes the kids will not listen to their parents with regards to his product. The MOD squad says selling cigarettes is easy because they are addictive. Most of the work is done for the salesman. Anyone ever asked if they could kill you, Mr. Naylor? Mr.
Naylor is good for all the pain and suffering he has inflicted, was stated. Vigilante justice tied Nick Naylor up in a white van and told him to stop killing people, even the patches have 21 mg of nicotene. They say, Nick, if you smell smoke, feel the door! If it is hot, get a wet washcloth over your face. Crawl on all fours to avoid inhaling smoke! The enactment of their fantasy is Nick crawling through smoke. Smoke is all around him as he crawls. The senators want an image on cigarettes stating they are harmful and lead to lung cancer! Nick tries to persuade and reframe, I dont see the need for something people already know! Nick returns to his attempt to reframe. Cholesterol is the number 1 killer! People die from heart problems perhaps Wisconsin cheddar should have a skull and cross bones on it! Nick says he does not want such images to effect the kids, he wants them to grow up and make up their own minds! This invokes such strong negative emotions in the viewer that the viewer might infer anything that Nick is involved in is negative or abhorred.
Nick says he would rather have bumper stickers, than a skull and crossbones. He thinks bumper stickers are cool! The senator says not until our homes are cleared of the news of an affair he had. Angry reporters and senators are pictured up in arms! Persuasive playing up of negative effects of smoking gets him the pretty woman. He looks well groomed, but he is undesirable. The negative association with cigarettes is the breath stinks. The lungs become cancerous.
The pretty alcoholic scorns you. He is shown in bed with her. She says she wants to FK him while watching him on the television news, which she finds exciting. She tells him to hurry up. She jokes Cigarettes for the homeless (HOBOS).
He brags and is happy that tobacco kills many more than alcohol does. The sex scene with the alcoholic is the intensifying or downplaying that was the most persuasive.
Grant, K. & Lundberg, S. (2009).
Hoyer Delivers Keynote Address on Entitlement and Health Care Reform? Washington, D. C.: Majority Leader Press Hoyer (2009).
Press Release: Bush Leaves Budget Legacy of Deep Deficits and an Economic Crisis February 09, 2009 presented to Budget Committee Chairman John Spratt. Martin, P. (2009).
Cluster Strategy can help south of the county grow. Worcester County Times, Pocomoke, Maryland. National Governors Association (2007).
Seven states to increase economic capacity and entrepreneurship through clusters. Wash: D.C.: National Governors Association Center. PBS (2009).
Change is Coming was retrieved on May 10, 2009 from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sickaround america/view/. Persuasion. (2009).
In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.Retrieved May 9, 2009, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/persuasi on Rhodes, K. (2003) Introduction to influence retrieved on May 20, 2009 from http://www.workingpsychology.com/evryinfl.html. Simons, H. (2001).
Persuasion in society. Thousand Oaks, Cal.: Sage Publications. Thank you for Smoking retrieved on May 10, 2009 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=596DgHsNzTM&feature =related.
