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Thank you for visiting the National Pesticide Information Center’s fact sheets. Some of the information in the following fact sheet (scroll down) is out-of-date. NPIC is planning to update this fact sheet in the future. In the meantime, updated information is available on the US EPA’s website. Some of the information in the following fact sheet (scroll down) is out-of-date. NPIC has started a NEW set of fact sheets. If you would like to be notified when NPIC releases new publications, send an email to [email protected] with “subscribe” in the subject line. Check out our new technical fact sheet on resmethrin! Please call NPIC with any questions you have about pesticides at 1-800-858-PEST (7378).
Molecular Structure Cypermethrin
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Environmental and Molecular Toxicology . 333 Weniger Hall . Corvallis, OR 97331-6502
The National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) is a cooperative effort between Oregon State University and the United States Environmental Protection Agency
NPTN fact sheets are designed to answer questions that are commonly asked by the general public about pesticides that are regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).
This document is intended to be educational in nature and helpful to consumers for making decisions about pesticide use.
Cypermethrin
CAUTION- low toxicity WARNING- moderate toxicity
The Essay on Fact Sheet
n the United States, there are approximately 1.7 million people who are suffering from limb loss. There are around 185,000 amputation related discharges in the U.S annually. Limb loss is greatest among those who are suffering from diabetes. Most of these people resort to the use of artificial limbs and joints. The use of prosthetics or the artificial limbs and joints is not new in science. The use ...
National Pesticide Telecommunications Network
DANGER- high toxicity
The Pesticide Label: Labels provide directions for the proper use of a pesticide product. Be sure to read the entire label before using any product. A signal word on each product label indicates the product’s short-term toxicity.
What is cypermethrin?
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How toxic is cypermethrin?
Animals • Cockroach brain cells exposed to very small doses (up to 0.02 micrograms per gram of brain weight or cg/g) of cypermethrin exhibited a nervous system response, which in cockroaches, would result in restlessness, incoordination, prostration, and paralysis (3).
See box on laboratory testing. • Mice exposed to small doses (0.3 to 4.3 cg/g) of cypermethrin displayed symptoms including writhing, convulsions, and salivation (4).
• Rats exposed to cypermethrin exhibited similar symptoms including tremors, seizures, writhing, and salivation as well as burrowing behavior (5).
ÿ Cypermethrin may be a weak skin sensitizer in guinea pigs (2, 6).
ÿ Newborn rats were more sensitive to cypermethrin than adult rats. The liver enzymes that break down cypermethrin in the body are not completely developed in the newborn rats (7).
Humans People handling or working with pyrethrins and pyrethroids (including cypermethrin) sometimes developed tingling, burning, dizziness,and itching (1, 5).
Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide. It was first synthesized in 1974 (1).
Cypermethrin is a synthetic chemical similar to the pyrethrins in pyrethrum extract (which comes from the chrysanthemum plant).
Pyrethroids, including cypermethrin were designed to be effective longer than pyrethrins (1).
How does cypermethrin work?
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Cypermethrin kills insects that eat or come into contact with it (2).
Cypermethrin works by quickly affecting the insect’s central nervous system.
What are some products that contain cypermethrin?
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termiticides household insecticides outdoor insecticides AmmoTM CybushR Cynoff TM Cyperkill DemonR
The Essay on Animal Intelligence One Rat Food
Often those who study animal intelligence are searching for the human reflection in the animal world. They feel that by unraveling the workings of the animal brain, they might find clues to the mysterious minds of humans. And because of their closeness to humankind, they find monkeys and apes especially fascinating. A major component of intelligence lies in flexibility of mind and adaptability to ...
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Laboratory Testing: Before pesticides are registered by the US EPA, they must undergo laboratory testing for short-term and long-term health effects. In these tests, laboratory animals are purposely fed a pesticide at high doses to cause toxic effects. These tests help scientists judge how these chemicals might affect humans, domestic animals, and wildlife in cases of overexposure. When pesticide products are used according to label directions, toxic effects are not likely to occur because the amount of pesticide that people and animals may be exposed to is low compared to the doses fed to laboratory animals.
Is cypermethrin likely to cause cancer?
Animals • Mice fed high doses (up to 1600 mg/kg) over a lifetime did not develop cancer (malignant tumors) (1).
ÿ However, some of the female mice developed benign (non-cancerous) lung tumors (1).
See box on cancer. Humans The US EPA has classified cypermethrin as a possible human carcinogen (group C) because there is limited evidence that it causes cancer in animals (6, 8).
• Scientists have no data from work-related, accidental poisoning, or epidemiological studies that indicate whether or not cypermethrin is likely to cause cancer in humans.
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Does cypermethrin break down and leave the body?
Animals ÿ Both male and female rats excreted 50-65% of cypermethrin in their urine within 48 hours. Rats excreted 30% of the cypermethrin in their feces within 3 days (1).
Humans ÿ Humans excrete cypermethrin rapidly. Men who voluntarily ingested low doses of cypermethrin (0.25, 0.5, 1, or 1.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight or mg/kg) in corn oil excreted between 49 to 78 percent of cypermethrin within 24 hours (1).
These studies, along with results from animal studies, indicate that cypermethrin is unlikely to accumulate in the body. Effects of cypermethrin on human health and the environment depend on how much cypermethrin is present and the length and frequency of exposure. Effects also depend on the health of a person and/or certain environmental factors.
Cancer: The U.S. EPA has strict guidelines that require testing of pesticides for their potential to cause cancer. These studies involve feeding laboratory animals large daily doses of the pesticide for up to 2 years. These animals are compared with a group of animals that did not receive the chemical. Animal studies help show whether a chemical is a potential human carcinogen. If a pesticide does not cause cancer in animal tests, then the EPA considers it unlikely the pesticide will cause cancer in humans.
The Essay on Shine: Meaning of Life and Human Condition
Shine highlights three major human conditions throughout the movie, the need for companionship, the unbroken human spirits and human’s tendency to reflect on the past. From these human conditions, scenes in Shine and use of camera techniques we learn how to approach situations and downhills in life and to rediscover and give purpose to life rather than give up and accept defeat. ...
Does cypermethrin cause reproductive or birth effects?
Animals ÿ Cypermethrin studies with rats did not show any adverse reproductive effects (1).
There was no evidence of birth defects in rats (1).
Humans • Scientists have no data from work-related, accidental poisonings, or epidemiological studies that indicate whether or not cypermethrin is likely to cause reproductive problems or birth defects in humans.
What happens to cypermethrin in the environment?
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The typical half-life of cypermethrin in the soil is 30 days, although it can range from two to eight weeks (6, 9).
Soil microbes rapidly break down cypermethrin (6).
See box on half-life. Cypermethrin has an extremely low potential to move in the soil. It is unlikely to contaminate groundwater because it binds tightly to soil particles (6).
Cypermethrin is stable in sunlight. The average half-life of cypermethrin on foliage is 5 days (9).
Half-life is the time required for half of the compound to degrade. 1 half-life = 2 half-lives = 3 half-lives = 4 half-lives = 5 half-lives = 50% degraded 75% degraded 88% degraded 94% degraded 97% degraded
Remember that the amount of chemical remaining after a half-life will always depend on the amount of the chemical originally
References 1. World Health Organization. (1989).
Environmental Health Criteria. Cypermethrin. (Vol. 82).
Geneva: United Nations Environmental Programme, the International Labour Organization, and the World Health Organization. 2. Tomlin, C. (Ed.).
(1994).
A World Compendium. The Pesticide Manual. Incorporating the agrochemicals handbook. (10th ed.).
Bungay, Suffolk, U.K.: Crop Protection Publications. 3. Gammon, D. W. et al. (1981).
Two classes of pyrethroid action in the cockroach. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 15:181-191. 4. Lawrence, J. L. and Casida, J. E. (1982).
The Term Paper on Half Life Process Nucleus Energy
The "big bang" which created the universe, only created the elements Hydrogen (H) and Helium (He) and possibly a very small amount of Lithium (Li). However, a glance at the periodic table of the elements shows that today (some 15 billion years after the big bang) there are at least 108 known elements. Every atom of every element heavier than Li has been produced since the big bang! The "factories" ...
Pyrethroid toxicology: mouse intracerebral structure-toxicity relationships. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 18:914. 5. Klaassen, C. D., Amdur, M. O., & Doull, J. (Eds.).
(1996).
Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. (5th ed.).
Toronto: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6. United States Environmental Protection Agency. (1989).
Cypermethrin Pesticide Fact Sheet. Washington, D.C. 7. Cantalamessa, F. (1993).
Acute toxicity of two pyrethroids, permethrin and cypermethrin, in neonatal and adult rats. Archives of Toxicology, 67, 510-513. 8. United States Environmental Protection Agency. (1997).
Office of Pesticide Programs reference dose tracking report. Washington, D.C. [Online]. http://ace.orst.edu/info/nptn/ tracking/tracking.htm 9. Knisel, W.G. (Ed.).
(1993).
Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems. (Version 2.10).
[Online]. Tifton, Georgia: United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service. [Online]. rsml/ppdb.html
What effects does cypermethrin have on wildlife?
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Cypermethrin is highly toxic to fish (6).
Some products for agricultural and commercial outdoor applications are limited to use by Certified Applicators (6).
Such products bear specific precautions and directions to avoid contamination of water (6).
When cypermethrin products are used according to the label’s directions applications around the home or other residential sites pose little risk to aquatic life. Cypermethrin is highly toxic to bees (6).
Cypermethrin is very highly toxic to water insects (6).
Cypermethrin is very low in toxicity to birds (6).
For more information, call or write: NPTN, Oregon State University, 333 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-6502. Phone: 1-800-858-7378 Fax: 1-541-737-0761 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://ace.orst.edu/info/nptn/ or http://ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/
Date reviewed: December 1998
NPTN is sponsored cooperatively by Oregon State University and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Data presented through NPTN documents are based on selected authoritative and peer-reviewed literature. The information in this profile does not in any way replace or supersede the restrictions, precautions, directions or other information on the pesticide label/ing or other regulatory requirements.
The Term Paper on Demand-Supply Analysis Of Acer Notebooks
Introduction Supply and demand is one of the most fundamental concepts of economics and it is the backbone of a market economy. It is defined as an economic model of price determination in a market. It concludes that in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded by consumers (at current price) will equal the quantity ...
