ARH102 SMCC Instructor: Jewel Clark Website- www.classinfoonline.org Midterm Study Guide Answer these questions on the test as they appear here for full credit. You may put the answers in your own words but you must make sure that you get all the relevant points of the answer across completely. I will pick approximately 15 questions from this list for the test. The questions will not appear in this order. 1. Name the three main artists of the Italian High Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael 2. List the main differences between Renaissance and Mannerist Styles Renaissance: centralization, harmony, easy figural motion, emotional balance vs. Mannerism: elongated forms, un-natural figural positions, collapsed perspective, irrational settings, theatrical lighting 3. Define “Humanism” Humanism was the intellectual movement of the Renaissance, which emphasized the pursuit of learning in languages, literature, history, and philosophy for its own end, in a secular rather than religious framework. 4. What ancient cultures inspired the Italian Renaissance movement and why? Greece and Rome. After the rediscovery of numerous Classical texts on science, writing and philosophy, the Renaissance scholars saw the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome as the pinnacle of human achievement, especially intellectual achievements and believed they should be used as a model by contemporary Europeans.
5. Describe the stylistic differences between Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance art The Italian Renaissance artists took their inspiration from the sculptures of ancient Greece and Rome. They employed a reserve and ease of motion and rediscovered how to depict illusionistic depth in painting. Northern Renaissance artists remained influenced to some extent by their Gothic roots. Although they were aware of the innovations of the Italians, they tended to focus on emotion, attention to detail and hidden symbolism. 6. What art style came before the Renaissance in Europe and what were some of its characteristics? The art style that came before the Renaissance was Medieval/ Gothic. The predominant characteristics were: a lack of interest in naturalistic form- a focus on the spiritual rather than the physical. A combination of art, mathematics and architecture culminating in the representation of the ordered universe of God’s design 7. Where does the use of hidden symbolism originate in Northern European art? It originates in devotional books of the Middle Ages, which contained simple illustrations to help communicate moralistic teachings. 8. Why is the Italian artist Masaccio (1401- 1428) important? Masaccio may have been the first Italian artist since the Roman era to correctly use one point perspective in a painting.
The Essay on Ashcan School York Artists Art
ASHCAN SCHOOL The Ashcan School was a movement which was integral and in a way 1 inevitable with the infancy of the twentieth century. This movement in art was brought about by a handful of artists who converged on New York City around the turn of the century. 2 The major Ashcan artists who will be discussed later are Robert Henry (1865- 1929), George Luks (1866- 1933), Everett Shinn (1876- 1953), ...
He was also innovative in that he used directional lighting in his paintings to give the illusion of shadow on the figure, giving his scenes and figures unprecedented weight and naturalism. 9. Who is considered the Northern High Renaissance artist of the 16th C and why? Albrecht Durer. Durer traveled to Italy and absorbed the new naturalism of the Italian style but he never gave up his use of hidden symbolism, which is a uniquely northern European aesthetic. 10. What Renaissance sculptor created the first male nude since the Roman era? Give the date and also the name of the sculpture. Donatello. The sculpture is David and was created 1425- 30. 11. What is so important about Donatello’s David? David was the first free-standing life size nude sculpture created since the Roman era but it was not an image of a god or athlete, it was an image of a Biblical hero. Donatello perfectly blended the aesthetics of Classic Greece and the Renaissance by choosing to portray this Old Testament icon in the contrapposto stance and nudity of a Classical athlete. 12. List and describe the main characteristics of the Italian/ Catholic Baroque Style. Time- the moment of climax of the story; Motion- action over reserve; Space- extremes- either vast or compressed; Light- dramatic, focused; Theatrical/ Dramatic 13.
The Essay on Differences between Northern Renaissance Art and Italian Renaissance Art
?There are many differences between Northern renaissance art and Italian renaissance art. They are quite different. While Italian renaissance art tended to show the body in an idealistic way, Northern renaissance art hid the body. The art was very realistic, but drapery hid the body in a medieval fashion. That makes one major difference between the two: Italian was classical and Northern was ...
Who is responsible for the Protestant Reformation? Give the name and date and explain what the result was. Martin Luther. 1517. Martin Luther was a Catholic priest who nailed 95 condemnations of church practices on the door of the Wittenburg Cathedral. He was rebelling against what he saw as immoral practices within the Catholic Church, in particular the selling of indulgences. His complaints prompted the Protestant Reformation, which ultimately resulted in the creation of the Protestant religion and ended a religiously unified Europe forever. 14. What was the Catholic reaction to the Protestant Reformation? Catholic reform and the Inquisition. On the art side, they called for more art for the church (more modestly clothed) on an even grander scale than before to counteract the rejection of religious iconography in Protestant countries.
ARH102 Midterm Study Guide Instructor- Jewel Clark 2
15. Which Pope commissioned the Sistine Ceiling and who painted it? Pope Julius II. Michelangelo painted the ceiling. 16. What 13- 14th C Italian artist is credited with spurring the shift from Medieval to Renaissance art and how? Giotto. Giotto was one of the earliest and most influential Italian artists on later generations by his reintroduction of the illusion of weight and sense of space and perspective (albeit somewhat minimal) in his paintings. Before him, the figure was not depicted very realistically and space was extremely compressed. 17. Define fresco. Painting into wet plaster 18. Name two artists from the Venetian Renaissance (any 2 will do) Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese 19. What does trompe l’oeil mean? “trick the eye” 20. Describe key elements of the Venetian Renaissance style. Venetian Renaissance style is characterized by richness in color, large canvasses, themes of grandeur, wealth, beauty and pleasure 21. What is genre painting? Where does it begin? Genre paintings are paintings of everyday life/ events. Genre painting begins in northern Europe in the late Renaissance. 22. What are the three main subjects one would find in Italian Renaissance art? 1. Portraits 2.
The Essay on Expression Of Renaissance Ideals Throught The Art Of The Period
The humanist and secularist beliefs of religion, individuality, and antiquity were evident in the style and illustration of Italian paintings and sculptures in the High Renaissance era. A deep sense of piety, Greek and Roman philosophy, and secularism, can be found in nearly all Renaissance paintings and sculptures, and the school of thought in Renaissance society that regarded the artist as ...
Religious subjects 3. Mythological subjects 23. Name the four types of still life painting common in the Dutch Baroque Flower, Breakfast, Vanitas, Banquet 24. Where does the term “Baroque” come from? The word Baroque is thought to come from the Portuguese word “barocco” which means “irregular” or “rough” and was used predominantly when describing pearls with a distorted shape. The word was used originally by the Neoclassicists as a derogative term to describe the period of art from about 1600-1750. 25. Name 3 artists of the Early Italian Renaissance (any three will do) Masaccio, Donatello, della Francesca, Botticelli, Ghirlandaio, Verrocchio, Mantegna 26. Name 3 artists of the Northern Renaissance (and three will do) Durer, Bosch, Grunewald, Brueghel, Campin, Eyck, Van der Goes, Bouts 27. Describe the general method in which someone became an artist (specifically a painter) during the Renaissance. Usually, a young boy around the ages of 11-13 who showed artistic promise was apprenticed to a master artist. The boy would live most of the time with other boys studying with the master. The boys would learn how to stretch canvas/ prepare painting surfaces, mix paints, draw from plaster casts and later live models and were only allowed to paint minor areas of the master’s work once they had mastered all techniques of perspective and proportion in drawing.
An apprenticeship usually lasted 4-8 years. Upon completion of the apprenticeship, the young artist would produce a painting for judging to gain acceptance into the local guild. Only if he was accepted could he then sign his work with his own name and not his master’s. At that point, he was considered a professional artist. Slides: You will have a group of slides to learn for identification and a group of slide pairs to learn for identification and a compare and contrast essay. You will have a total of 6 slide identifications and one compare and contrast essay, which will be pulled from these slides for the test. You will need to learn the art style, artist, title, date and medium (if given) for all identification including the compare and contrast essay. Sizes and location may be included but you do not need to know those for the identification unless size is a relevant issue for the compare and contrast essay. The dates of artists may be included in the identification. You do not need to memorize those dates; they are there for your edification only. The slides will not appear in this order on the test. Slide ID: Proto- Renaissance Giotto (1276-1337)- Lamentation Arena Chapel, Padua 1305 6’6” x 6’ Fresco Early Italian Renaissance Donatello (1386-1466) David 1425- 30 bronze 5’ 2” Piero della Francesca Resurrection 1463 fresco Early Northern Renaissance Rogier Van der Weyden Descent from the Cross 1435 oil on wood Jan Van Eyck (1385- 1441) Arnolfini Wedding 1434 32 x 23” Oil on panel
The Essay on Time Capsule: The Renaissance and the Age of Baroque
The European Renaissance was a time of cultural transition in Europe from a society rooted in religious focus and compliance to humanism and artistic expression. Although the majority of Europe remained loyal to the Papacy and Catholicism, the Renaissance brought about scholars that encouraged human artistic expression and self-fulfillment. Prior to the Renaissance, devout Catholics led simple ...
ARH102 Midterm Study Guide Instructor- Jewel Clark 3
High Italian Renaissance Leonardo Da Vinci Madonna of the Rocks 1503 Raphael (1483-1520) Madonna of the Goldfinch 1507 Michelangelo (1475- 1564) Pieta (The Sorrow) 1498- 1500 The Vatican Rome, Italy marble Mannerism Pontormo Descent from the Cross 1525-28 oil on panel 10’3”x 6’4” Florence, Italy Venetian Renaissance Titian (1490-1576) Bacchanal 1538 Oil on canvas Tintoretto- Last Supper 1592 oil on canvas Northern Renaissance Albrecht Durer (1471- 1528) The Knight, Death and the Devil 1513 Engraving 9×7” Pieter Brueghel the Elder (1525-69) The Fall of Icarus 1558 o/c mounted on wood Late Renaissance (non-Italian) El Greco (1541- 1614) The Burial of Count Orgaz 1586 16’ x11’10” o/c Toledo, Spain Italian Baroque Bernini (1598- 1680) Apollo and Daphne 1622- 24~ 7.9’h marble Rome, Italy Caravaggio (1573- 1610) Conversion of St Paul 1600-01 o/c Artemisia Gentileschi (1593- 1653) Judith Beheading Holofernes 1620 Dutch Baroque Ambrosius Bosschaert (1573- 1620) Still Life w/ Flowers 1614 Jan Steen (1626- 1679) In Luxury, Look Out 1663 o/c Vienna, Austria Pieter Claesz Vanitas 1628 Potential Slide Pairs for the Compare and Contrast Essay Keep in mind the criteria you used to write your sample essay. Start by identifying the artwork: artist, title, date, art style (most importantly).
Then describe the hallmarks of each art style and how the style relates to the examples. Describe the similarities and differences between the two works based on art style, location (Protestant or Catholic relevance?), the artist’s personal style and symbolic and thematic content. Include any historical information that might be significant. Be thorough! Slide Pair 1: Masaccio Holy Trinity fresco 1425- 21’ 10.5’h Italian Early Renaissance El Greco Holy Trinity o/c 1577 9.8’ x 5.8’ Late Renaissance Slide Pair 2: Botticelli Birth of Venus 1482 o/c 5’8” x 9’ Italian Early Renaissance Titian Venus of Urbino 1538 o/c Venetian Renaissance Slide Pair 3: Michelangelo David 1501- 1504 14’ 3” high Marble Florence, Italy High Italian Renaissance Bernini (1598- 1680) David 1623 67”h Rome, Italy Italian Baroque Slide Pair 4: Hieronymous Bosch (1450- 1516) Garden of Earthly Delights-center panel 1510 Northern Renaissance Raphael- School of Athens 1508-11 fresco Vatican, Rome High Italian Renaissance Slide Pair 5: Johannes Vermeer (1632- 1675) Girl with a Pearl Earring 1665 Dutch Baroque Bronzino (1503- 1572) Eleanor of Toledo 1544 o/c High Mannerism
The Term Paper on Northern Renaissance Italian Christ Fleming
The Art of Italy and Northern Europe from 1300 to 1520 The years between 1300 to 1520, commonly known as the Renaissance, was an era of extraordinarily advanced achievements made in the art world. Techniques that began to be utilized at this period of time made the artworks surpass those of any other preceding movement. "A word of caution is necessary when speaking of a 'rebirth' of the spirit of ...
