Introduction
Biomechanics is the sport science field that applies the laws of mechanics and physics to human performance, in order to achieve a better understanding of performance in athletic events through modelling, simulation and measurement. (©1997 – 2010 Topend Sports Network)
It’s very also essential to have a good understanding of the application of physics to sport, as physical principles such as motion, resistance, momentum and friction play a part in most sporting events.
The main role of biomechanics is to recognize the mechanical cause or effects that establish the motions of living organisms. In relation to sport, biomechanics contributes to the description, explanation, and prediction of the mechanical aspects of human exercise, sport and play. (Sports network 2010)
This assignment will outline the important parts of biomechanics, such as balance and stability, generating force and momentum, summation of forces and projectile motion in relation to javelin. My task will be to analyse and evaluate my javelin throw, and then identify and comment upon my technique and determine a way I could improve my javelin throw and my technique.
Balance and stability
Balance is the ability to control equilibrium while stability is the resistance to disturbance of equilibrium. For any sport, the best possible method to improve balance and stability is to practice the skill itself on the same surface on which the skill will be performed through competition. Willardson JM (2004).
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Seeing that my technique in the javelin video wasn’t at its greatest, I have been able to analyse my strengths as well as my weaknesses. Besides the video, I have been working on my throwing in class and I was capable on improving my technique. Now not only do I throw further, but I also take a bigger run up and release the javelin at a higher angle of release. My major weakness is my arm which remains bend prior to the release of the javelin. Moreover I don’t shift my weight to my front leg which leads to a loss of momentum.
While on another note prior to release of the javelin I tend to have a fine cross over with my feet, which gives me a good centre of gravity as well as stability. My arm has a good follow through, and my weight transfer is good until execution.
I can improve my balance and stability by keeping my legs wider rather then have them close together. I also need to try shifting my weight to my front leg so that I don’t lose any momentum as well as balance and stability.
Generating force and momentum
Newton’s Law of Acceleration states that:
Any change in motion is directly proportional to the applied force and is made in the line of the force
This law is expressed by the following formula:
Force = Mass *Acceleration
Momentum is generated in an object at the same time as we take the mass of that object and get it moving in a specific direction, while force is generated as soon as whichever force acts upon the object.
A Strength that includes in my generation of force and momentum is a powerful follow thorough. My follow through is rather strong then weak and I keep the javelin up above my head while on the other hand I do have a small run up and my stance is quite small, as my legs should be apart for extra balance and stability. Another bad point is my hoping/jumping. When I release the javelin I do tend to jump for some reason, and because of that my javelin doesn’t go as far as I want it to.
I could improve my weaknesses by intriguing a faster run up and including a wider stand and therefore not jump or hop when I’m about to release the javelin.
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Summation of forces
Combinations of forces are produced by different parts of the human body. When a person is moving or attempting to move an object, numerous parts of the body act together to maximize the force. In theory, force summation occurs once body parts act all together. (Sports online, 2009) In practice, the strongest and lowest body parts around the centre of gravity move first, followed by the weaker, lighter, and faster extremities. This is known as sequential acceleration and results in successive force summation. To gain a maximum force, summation also needs sequential stabilization of body parts, with some body parts having to be fixed at stable points whereas other parts produce the effective forces.
Starting from my legs, I take a little and slow run up. My hips rotation is very poor, because I hardly move my hips in the video. From then my non throwing arm rises just a little bit and then my shoulders rotate. The whole point is to observe in what order the body parts move. The correct sequence is legs, hips, shoulders then arms. However, in the video I don’t follow that sequence correctly. In the swingers program you can see it all taking place in order, but if you pause it and play it in slow mode, its all over the place since my run up and my throw isn’t as powerful as it should be, therefore I didn’t generate my force of momentum properly.
I could improve this weakness but using my body parts in a correct sequence. Therefore, I need to use my legs first, then my hips, after that my shoulders followed by my arms.
What is projectile motion?
Projectile motion is a physical phenomenon that occurs when an object is projected by a force that stops exerting influence on the object after it has been launched.
Upon analysing my performance, I’ve come to the conclusion that my speed of release for javelin (33.2km) wasn’t at its best. This was observed an analysed by freezing and pausing the appropriate frame on the swinger program, and pointing out what my speed of release was in my execution phase. By releasing the javelin at this speed, the javelin travelled high and came down on an angle. My weakness I would say was my angle of release (34.6 degrees) because the optimal angle of release is approx 45 degrees; that covers the maximum range of distance. So I would say that it is my weakness since I didn’t put much effort, my angle of release isn’t at a good level and it can be improved. Another weakness is my height of release, because it needs to be thrown a lot higher than I did in the video.
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By my observations I may well improve my angle of release via releasing it higher, and closer to 45 degrees and my height of release will be improved if I throw the javelin heaps higher, and attempt to put more effort in my throwing.
Drill selection
I have noticed that I require practice intended for my height of release more. I must work on it a lot more and improve it more by practicing it regularly. That’s why I have selected a helpful drill that will help me with my weakness.
Standing Javelin Throw
This is just a step in the throwing process that needs to be made. Separating it into this last step helps the thrower to focus on their technique.
What you need – The thrower should have a javelin to work with.
How this drill works – The thrower is standing in a throwing position, with the left foot forward and the javelin in the right hand, and held extended behind the shoulder.
The javelin tip should be held at eye level, and the angle of the javelin should be at 45 degrees. The thrower then steps forward with the right foot and turns his or her body with the throw of the javelin. The chest and the arm should extend fully after the release.
Result – This is another great early season drill for athletes to work on the fundamentals of their throwing motion. (www.norleb.k12.pa.us/…/lib/…/Javelin_Drills.doc – 20 hours ago)
Conclusion
Overall my performance wasn’t too bad, but it could have been enhanced if I tried harder. In view of the fact that I didn’t put a great deal of effort in my practical sessions and my video throw, it affected my performance to a great extent. I would consider myself to be at a cognitive stage for this particular sport, as I don’t contain sufficient experience and adequate knowledge. On a further note I did have a small amount of good points and I reveal them in different aspects above. At last reflecting on my information in the assignment above, I suppose that I presented several good points in my throw although my performance and technique was unfortunate and required a fair amount of work..
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Reference List
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_force_summation
http://www.brianmac.co.uk/javelin/index.htm
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/27483388/Javelin-Drills
– 20 hours ago
BROWNS PLAINS STATE HIGH SCHOOL YEAR 11 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2010
SEMESTER 1: TRACK & FIELD / BIOMECHANICS
Name: Enita Kazic
Teacher: Mr Michael
Due date: 7/6/10
Subject: Physical Education
