MARITIME SECURITY REQUIREMENTS AND PAK NAVY IN 21ST CENTURY
1. About 70% of our planet is covered by the oceans. Sea facilitates inexpensive transportation of men and material in bulk and also provides valuable mineral resources and seafood for the prosperity of mankind. It is estimated that the transportation of freight by sea is 10 times cheaper than rail, 45 times cheaper than road and 163 times cheaper than air. In today’s world the oceans have increased importance as more than 80 percent of the world trade is by sea; it forges a global maritime link. Through the Arabian Sea, pass some of the most important trade routes of the world emanating from Gulf carrying oil for the regional as well as international markets. Nearly 90% of energy goods from Gulf are transported through sea. Approximately 15 million barrels of oil are shipped through Arabian Sea daily. Any interruption of this traffic would have devastating effects on economies of developing as well as the developed countries and would worsen the existing global energy crisis.
2. The Asian region has become the fastest growing and most dynamic sector of the global economy, with increasing dependence on seaborne trade. As a consequence, Sea Lines of Communication (SLOC) security, which is the bedrock of Asian economic growth, becomes a global concern. While the countries of North Asia are the economic powerhouse of Asia, the South Asian sea-lanes through which their trade passes especially the choke points become critical to any consideration of SLOC security, as does the role of navies in their protection.
The Essay on Mediterranean Sea Trade Empire Ottoman
Over the years foreign influences have changed lots of countries' and nations' destiny. Either economically or politically, influences force countries to change their way of living. Some of them could not resist the influence and vanished from history. Others stand like a rock in front of the influences and have their own identities as pure as it was at first day. Wounded Knee and Turkey are two ...
3. The post 9/11 security environment has also expanded the potential range of threats and vulnerability’s associated with seaborne trade. This implies that apart from military threats to the seaborne trade, non military threats like pollution spills, piracy and above all terrorist attacks could also endanger maritime trade. However, it is the threats from the terrorist networks which have the greatest potential to disrupt the global trade. The infamous attack on USS COLE by suicide bombers in Yemen and the attack against a French Super Tanker LIMBURG near Babel Mandeb indicate the intentions and the capabilities of these outfits. Thus, maritime security has become a matter of serious concern which requires a fresh look for preserving the freedom of seas and its resources. In the context of measures to ensure the security of seaborne trade against the threat of terrorism, it is essential that a proper balance is maintained between security on the one hand and the free movement of trade on the other. Although, there are number of conventions, regimes and multilateral instruments on trade, security, sea exploration, fishing and environmental issues, these are not totally effective in enforcing barriers to illegal trade, environmental disorder and security threats. So there is a need for rationalization of international regulations and mechanisms to undertake effective measures against maritime threats. As the world’s national economies are becoming more closely integrated, it is imperative that nations coordinate and collectively integrate their security activities to secure the maritime domain.
4. Naval Forces because of their inherent mobility, poise, reach and sustainment provide the necessary means and wherewithal to ensure security of nation’s maritime interest. Collectively these forces can deter threats to the global trade. Naval forces have an established ability not only to influence the events on land but can also be employed to enforce law or to implement a regime established by international mandate. Sea-borne trade represents a vital lifeline for Pakistan. With the development of sea ports at Gwadar, Ormara and expansion of facilities at Karachi and Port Qasim, Pakistan is on the threshold of becoming a major conduit for the trade and commerce. Pakistan’s own ninety-five percent of trade with the outside world is sea borne. For Pakistan, with major ports at Karachi, Bin Qasim and Gwadar, sea trade is the jugular vein of the economy. Any disruption of the SLOCs or port closures will be detrimental to Pakistan’s economy. This entails a strong Navy.
The Essay on Trade Unions in Bangladesh
Trade unions in bangladesh and its impact Presentation Transcript • 1. TRADE UNIONS IN BANGLADESH AND ITS IMPACTSubmitted By:Md. Omar Faruq Chowdhury -045 12601 Submission Date: 28th November 2012 1 • 2. Contentsa. Definitionb. Causes of organizing trade unionsc. Objectivesd. History of Trade Unionse. Limitationsf. Positive impactsg. Negative impacts:h. Present Scenarioi. Suggestionsj. Conclusion ...
5. Pakistan Navy is cognizant of its responsibility to provide security to its ports, harbors and protecting sea lines of communication (SLOCs).
Pakistan Navy since its inception has developed progressively and has transformed into a fairly modern and sophisticated medium sized force. The expansion of Navy along the Makran coast is indicative of an increased role of PN vis-à-vis protection of its maritime interests. While the dependence of Pakistan on sea borne trade is likely to increase, therefore, Pakistan’s interest in the Indian Ocean particularly the North Arabian Sea is quite evident. Against this backdrop Pakistan Navy has an added responsibility to provide security to its shipping and sea borne trade and maintain peace and stability in the region.
6. In consonance with Pakistan’s government stance to fight terrorism in all its manifestation Pakistan Navy is contributing significantly towards counter terrorism efforts by participating in Coalition Maritime Campaign Plan; the maritime component of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT).
More specifically, it is a US led Maritime Operation being conducted in support of the Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF).
7. This maritime operation is aimed at interrupting the flow of personnel and material that may support international terrorist organizations and is being conducted in the international waters of the U.S. Central Command Area of Responsibility. It is a matter of pride that despite limited experience in policing role, PN Fleet has contributed enormously in the campaign. Pakistan Navy being the only navy of the region to form part of the coalition maritime campaign plan has been instrumental in ensuring peace and stability in the vital sea lanes of North Arabian Sea by carrying out effective surveillance and interdiction operations in assigned area of responsibility. In recognition of Pakistan’s ability, Pakistan has twice been given the command of the Task Force 150. In March 2007, Pakistan Navy moved a step further in counter terrorism operations when it hosted and organized the maiden multinational exercise AMAN 07. Since then it has been a constant feature of Pakistan navy’s operational commitments as the said event was organized in 2010 once again.
The Term Paper on Pakistan Day 2
Jinnah chairing a session in Muslim League general session, where Pakistan Resolution was passed. A stamp, white in background with Pakistan’s national flag on it and “Independence Anniversary” written in bold and italic, in green colour, and “series” boldly written in black colour, below the flag Cover of a press release; “Independence Anniversary Series” ...
8. This exercise is aimed at displaying united resolve against terrorism and projecting Pakistan as a country contributing towards peace and stability as well as consolidating Pakistan Navy’s position in the regional maritime domain. Exercise AMAN is designed to develop and improve response tactics, techniques, and procedures with focus on Global War on Terrorism. It is based on offensive and defensive operations to protect sea lines of communication and port infrastructure of a country against asymmetric threat. The main objectives of the multinational exercise include following:
a. Improve inter-operability and tactical proficiency.
b. Conduct defense of port infrastructure including anchorage against an asymmetric threat.
c. Practice anti surface warfare and air operations.
d. Develop common tactics against asymmetric air, surface, and mine threats. e. Integration of Maritime Patrol Aircraft and Fighters into various GWOT related exercises.
f. Conduct of mine counter measure operations.
9. This joint maritime exercise is not only of great tactical and operational value for the participating navies but it also reiterate the already existing friendly ties between regional and extra regional navies. These exercises, at the strategic level, have brought out the fact that the Indian Ocean and the northern part of Arabian Sea are of great strategic value where Pakistan has a tremendous role to play in the security and peace of this region.
10. Besides the harbor and sea phase of the Exercise, international maritime conferences on maritime threats and opportunities in the 21st century are also a key feature. The conference feature high-level presentations focusing specially on issues related to maritime threats and opportunities for preserving the freedom of seas and sustainable utilization of its resources towards benefit of humanity.
The Term Paper on Constitutions of Pakistan
Introduction: The constitution of Pakistan that came into existence on March 23, 1956, abolished the office of the governor-general and provided for power-sharing arrangements between the president and the prime minister. East Pakistan (now the independent state of Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (known as Pakistan since 1971) were to have equal seats in the national legislature. While parliamentary ...
12. Exercise AMAN besides enhancing mutual understanding and cooperation among friendly navies, has also helped in enhancing interoperability with regional and extra-regional navies. Successful culmination of AMAN-07 and 2010 and participation by the navies and the observers from 27 and 39 countries respectively, clearly manifest PN capacity to undertake such venture in future as well. Pakistan being an important regional country, considers itself responsible for contributing toward peace, safety and stability in the region; which in turn will ensure uninterrupted global economic activities in the region through maritime sector.
13. There is no denying the fact that AMAN regime will consolidate the lessons gained in year 2007 and 2011 and will continue to foster peace and stability in the region. Pakistan Navy has always responded to the emerging requirements in a befitting manner. Pakistan Navy’s efforts in maintaining peace and stability in the region, especially in the maritime sector are highly appreciated and recognized throughout the world.
