Texan, which is the 28th state in the United States, was once separate from the rest of the Union as many states were. It was once also a Republic of its own. The Texans held a convention at Washington on the Brazos and adopted a declaration of independence on March 2, 1836. It shared a constitution similar to the United States as well. Though, throughout 1845 Texas grew a debt from 1 million to 8 million dollars. Because many people felt that letting Texas further live on its own would later damage the development of the United states. In 1844 it was called for an annexation, in which the state would be adopted with a state constitution.
Unfortunately the annexation brought along questions over slavery. Also, Mexico hadn’t ever recognized Texas as a republic and was slow to accept it as part of the United States. Finally on December 29, 1845 Texas official was admitted to the Union. Disputes with Mexico over boundary lines led to Mexican War in 1846. The US victory led to the Rio Grande-El Paso international border that would separate the two countries.
In the early 1900s, Texas was settling down and becoming somewhat more “civilized”. Most of the Rio Grande area became secured by Texas Rangers, though there were brief skirmishes with bandit-revolutionaries during the Mexican rebellion against a succession of corrupt Mexican presidents between 1911 and 1916. A 1919 investigation into the border problems revealed that the Texas Ranger played a role in fanning the flames through their vigilante behavior, especially along the lower Rio Grande. One of the last famous Ranger actions was the pursuit and killing of Texas bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow in the late 20’s. The rangers soon evolved into the state highway patrol under the Department of Public Safety.
The Essay on One-Party State: Texas vs. Oklahoma
Texas: For over a 100 years Texas was a one-party state of Democrats (Munisteri). Republicans did not have a chance until Abraham Lincoln who was against slavery and defended the Union during the Civil War. During this time before Republicans took over Texas was free-willed and won majority of seats in the race and had all seats in Legislature. One of the best ways to describe this era was best ...
Pancho Villa a cattle rustler and bandit, became an important figure in the Chihiahua takeover and other battles. At first the US public was glamorized his escapades and would almost want Hollywood. After he was defeated in 1915 he turned his attention to border raids on villages in Texas and New Mexico. At any rate, U.S. President Wilson responded by stationing 100,000 National Guards troops along the border and sent Gen. John Pershing into Mexico in pursuit of Villa 1916.
Pershing failed to capture Villa, and when the US became involved in World War I 1917, the Mexican border immediately became a low priority. By 1935, Mexico had steadied its presidential devastation.
During the Depression years of the early 1930s, Texas managed-fairly well, buoyed by the oil boom. Farmers were hit hardest, especially in cotton growing East Texas where cotton prices bottomed out. New Deal policies eventually pumped $1.5 billion into the Texas economy and revived the agricultural sector. By the end of the decade the economy as back on track and growing at a rate of about 4% per annum.
The World War 2 years were especially good to the Texas industrial sector. Shipbuilding and aircraft manufacturing became important new industries and the petroleum companies expanded as fuel demands increased. Between 1940 and 1955, economic growth exceeded 9% per annum and many Texans moved into urban areas. The development of plastics further fueled the oil boom.
Introduction
Long before Europeans arrived, Indians in East Texas had found oil seeping from the ground and used petroleum for medical purposes. Survivors of the DeSoto expedition in 1543 used it to caulk boats near the Sabine Pass. But the first oil well wasn’t drilled in Texas until 1866, when Lyne Barret in Nacogdoches County devised the first rotary drill. Oil had only a few uses: lubricant in road construction to settle dust, and as a cooking or heating fuel, which was quite expensive. In 1894 a large oil reservoir was discovered by accident in Corsicana and the first commercial refinery in Texas was established. During the early 20th century the Corsicana oil field which produced 500,000 barrels a year was Texas’s biggest producer. Then an oil strike at Spindletop, near Beaumont, in 1901 set Texas on its way to becoming the oil capital of the United States. East and Southeast Texas turned out to be good sources for other large oil deposits because of the big salt domes below the eart!
The Term Paper on Oil 2 Crude Petroleum Reservoir
Petroleum, or crude oil, naturally occurring oily, bituminous liquid composed of various organic chemicals. It is found in large quantities below the surface of the earth and is used as a fuel and as a raw material in the chemical industry. Modern industrial societies use it primarily to achieve a degree of mobility on land, at sea, and in the air that was barely imaginable less than a hundred ...
h’s surface that created perfect conditions for oil “pooling”. Naturally the price of oil bottomed out but this made petroleum the cheapest fuel available and new markets soon opened up. Railroads and steamship lines converted from coal to oil and the petroleum industry developed practically overnight. Texaco, Gulf, and Mobil are three present day-oil companies that got their start at Spindletop.
Postwar Texas
Texas’s history has been much based upon the development of the oil industry. Texas’s industry changed throughout the ’50s and ’60s as manufacturing companies moved to the state to take advantage of inexpensive electricity and land. In 1959, Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments developed the first silicon microchip, which put Texas on the “high-tech” road. Petroleum continued as the state’s principal income-earner and was given a major boost following the OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) embargo of the United States market. American oil now had no competition from foreign suppliers so Texas fields went into full production, Oil exploration and speculation moved forward unchecked and Texas soon became the U.S. millionaires capital.
In 1960 Texas won a Texas won a 15 year political and legal battle for title to the offshore oil in its Gulf of Mexico tidelands. A Supreme Court decision gave the state mineral rights in an area extending three leagues about 10 1/2 (17 kilometers) off shore.
In 1963 the United States ended a border dispute with Mexico by agreeing to exchange land in Laredo area. The dispute began about 100 years earlier, when the Rio Grande shifted. Also that same year President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas and also Lyndon B. Johnson who was born 1908 near Stonewall becomes 36th president of United States.
The Term Paper on Oil and Gas Production Industry
Oil and gas are the key generators of the world nowadays that helps to uphold the concept of globalization. The flow of goods and capitals that require transportations and energy depends directly from the oil and gas production. As the main sources of energy and its nature of scarcity, this commodity is vulnerable to fierce competition in the global market. One of the major producer and global ...
Over the next decade, Texas prospered and was able to advance its state university system, sponsor new arts programs, and attract Americans from around the country who were seeking to benefit from the boomtown atmosphere. But in the mid-1980s, the economy suffered a shock when oil prices dropped because of disagreements on production quotas among OPEC members. For Texas oil interests, this meant that it was no longer profitable to pump oil fields at 100% capacity and petroleum exploration slowed to a near halt.
Cities that were oil-dependent, like Houston, suffered the most, turning into partial ghost towns virtually overnight but the entire state had to face the problem and admit that the economy needed further diversification. Texans have also begun to reality that even if oil prices rise again (as they did in the late ’80s); petroleum reserves are running low. Even newly discovered oil fields will probably not be sufficient to compensate for the overall decline in reserves.
Massive oil spill from tankers have periodically devastated the Texas shoreline. In October 1989 and nine months following that in July 1990 there were two major accidents that took place at two Texas petrochemical plants within 10 miles (16 kilometers) of each other, near Houston. Texas has been working vigorously to attract more high-tech interests and to expand the service sector of the economy, including tourism. So far the state has been fairly successful in bringing in new light industries which benefit from the lower cost of production in Texas (lower wages, energy costs, and real estate).
But Texans will probably have to accept the fact that the accelerated boom of the ’70s is now characteristic of their history, not their future.
Typically, Texas has sided with the Democratic Party at both state and national and national levels. During the past 20 years, though, the Republicans have been growing strong within Texas. In 1978, William P. Clements Jr. became the first Republican candidate to win the state governorship. After losing to Democrat Mark White Jr. in 1982, he later won election again in 1986.
The Research paper on State of the Economy
The Papua New Guinea (PNG)’s growth in recent years have been shaped in two dimensions: positively and negatively. Negatively when they experienced a drought in 1997/98 when they were adversely affected by the Asian financial crisis . The effect of which caused a sharp contraction in the economic activity. They are stated below as: 1. The kina (the country’s currency) and foreign reserves fell to ...
Texas is the nation’s leader in livestock production. It is also a fact that livestock outnumber the people of Texas. In 1987, ranching receipts totaled about 6 billion dollars, which was more than any state. Farming follows ranching with a 1987 income of 3 billion dollars. Texas’s leading crop is cotton, followed by grains, vegetables, peanuts, citrus, and other fruits. At the beginning of 1990 the state’s ranches harbored 13.5 million cattle, 2.5 million sheep, 2.1 million goats, 580,000 hogs and over 18 million chickens. Texas leads the nation in cotton and rice production.
