What I know about American Anti-War Movement
Fortunately, in this term, I got the opportunity to learn the Western culture which I have been interesting in since several years ago. Through the study for nearly a term, I have obtained much important and meaningful knowledge, which gave me a profound impression on the western countries and benefited me a lot as well. During my study after class, the anti-war movement in America during 1960s impresses me the most.
As many people know, the USA is a multicultural nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values .So though people all share a common American culture, the nation contains many racial and ethnic subcultures with their own distinctive characteristics, which can contribute to a lot of social problems.
Here, I want to share my opinion about the American Anti-War Movement in the 1960s, which reflected the culture that is proper to the USA.
Along with the Civil Rights campaigns of the 1960s, the Anti-War Movement is one of the most divisive forces in twentieth-century U.S. History. Though the first American protests against U.S. intervention in Vietnam took place in 1963, the antiwar movement did not begin in earnest until nearly two years later, when President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered massive U.S. military intervention and the sustained bombing of North Vietnam. In the spring of 1965, “teach-ins” against the war were held on many college campuses. Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) organized the first national antiwar demonstration in Washington; 20,000 people, mainly students, attended.
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As the war expanded—over 400,000 U.S. troops would be in Vietnam by 1967—so did the antiwar movement, attracting growing support off the campuses. The movement was less a unified army than a rich mix of political notions and visions. The antiwar movement reached its zenith under President Richard M. Nixon. In October 1969, more than 2 million people participated in Vietnam Moratorium protests across the country. The following month, over 500,000 demonstrated in Washington and 150,000 in San Francisco.
The war ended finally. With U.S. troops coming home, the antiwar movement gradually declined between 1971 and 1975.
From the brief introduce of the Anti-War Movement above, we can deeply feel the cruelty of war. At the same time, it is obvious that the American movement against the Vietnam War was most successful, which played a significant role in constraining the war and was a major factor in the administration’s policy reversal.
When I read the history again and again, I always think of the Declaration of Independence which is of vital importance to the USA. The Declaration declared: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” Since it said “all men are created equal”, why American government waged so many wars with the USA developed stronger and stronger? Didn’t the people who suffered the wars have the equal rights? They need a stable home rather than frequent moves due to the frequent wars.
Undoubtedly, during that time, more and more Americans who had the questions mentioned above realized that the war was unreasonable and inhuman, which resulted in a series activities of anti-war movement. For many Americans, these costly mistakes even have brought sorrow and pain that will never completely go away. 58,000 American soldiers died in the conflicts. What a fearsome sight it is!
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The famous Martin Luther King was one of those people who were on the opposition to the war. Martin Luther King is best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. This great heroic leader began to express doubts about the United States’ role in the Vietnam War starting in 1965. In an April 4, 1967 appearance at the New York City Riverside Church—exactly one year before his death—King delivered a speech titled “Beyond Vietnam”. In the speech, he spoke strongly against the U.S.’s role in the war, insisting that the U.S. was in Vietnam “to occupy it as an American colony” and calling the U.S. government “the greatest purveyor of violence in the world today”. He also argued that the country needed larger and broader moral changes. A few months later, King spoke at an Anti-Vietnam demonstration where he also brought up issues of civil rights and the draft. “I have not urged a mechanical fusion of the civil rights and peace movements. There are people who have come to see the moral imperative of equality, but who cannot yet see the moral imperative of world brotherhood… And I believe everyone has a duty to be in both the civil-rights and peace movements. But for those who presently choose but one, I would hope they will finally come to see the moral roots common to both.” On January 13, 1968, the day after President Johnson’s State of the Union Address, king referred to the Vietnam War as “one of history’s most cruel and senseless wars” during a large march on Washington, and “will no longer vote for men who continue to see the killings of Vietnamese and Americans as the best way of advancing the goals of freedom and self-determination in Southeast Asia.”
As Martin Luther King saying, “everyone has a duty”, the crowd against the war grew up to a huge amount. Among the people opposed the war, the young people was the majority. I think it exactly reflected a unique kind of anti-war culture. As far as I know, the main contents of American cultural emphasized on individual values, democracy and freedom. The core was the individualism, which was especially seen in young people. The Young Americans for Freedom was a Conservative organization that developed a campus presence during the 1960s. The central purpose of this organization was to publicize the conservative cause. The main guiding principles of the organization are: opposition to the spread of communism, support for the United States involvement in Vietnam and opposition to the draft. During that time, there were many music about anti-war, such as 《Blowin＇in The Wind》,《Give Peace A Chance》,《The War is over》, and so on. These popular songs spread through the young people, which promote the development of the anti-war movement. To some extent, but for the spirit that nothing is worth to fear and the anti-war culture created by the young people, the anti-war movement can’t be so successful.
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I want to thank these friends. At that time, they were at my present age. Why they have the courage to fight for they hope? Why more and more young generation is lacking of striving spirit in China nowadays? So the reason I want to thank them is that they taught me a powerful nation must have a strong culture to support itself. Though the USA has a very short history compared with the Chinese history, it consists of all kinds of strong spirits, which can make it become prosperous in a very short time. What’s the most important, the culture involving these spirits needs the young generation to spread and develop. We can’t be always “the Lost Generation” and only by continuously learning new things, showing our spirit and taking our responsibility for the society and the crisis-ridden age can we create a culture just belonging to ourselves, which is of great benefit to the prosperity of our nation. To my view, it’s the true meaning of our lifetime study and pursuit.
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Of course, to learn from foreign countries is entirely different from worshipping everything foreign. And through the learning and creation, I hope that our generation will get awake from the deep sleep and make a more magnificent future!
