SPH 3 U: Acceleration of Free-Falling Corey McCormick Masses 09/14/03 Purpose: What effect does the mass of a free-falling object have on the object! |s acceleration? Independent/Dependent Variables: The independent variable in this lab is the free-falling object! |s mass, while the dependent variable is the free-falling object! |s acceleration. Hypothesis: If the mass of the free-falling object is doubled then the acceleration will be the same because everything falls at the same speed no matter its mass. A free-falling object can be defined as an object whose acceleration depends solely on the! SSacceleration of gravity!” , which is measures at 9. 8 m / s /s [downwards]. Materials: “h ticker timer “h x 2 – ticker tape (~20 cm long) “h x 2 – A piece of scotch tape “h 100 g mass “h 200 g mass “h School bag “h A table Procedure: 1. The ticker timer was plugged into an outlet on the wall.
2. One of the pieces of ticker tape was inserted into the ticker timer (shinny side up).
3. The 100 g mass was taped to the end of the ticker tape with one of the pieces of the scotch tape. 4. The ticker timer set up was then placed near the edge of the table.
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Abstract In this experiment we studied the motion of an object in free fall, that is an object being dropped from a certain height to Earth’s surface. In this experiment we tested the idea that no matter what the size, shape, color, etc. of the object if it would still experience the same constant acceleration throughout its fall (short distance). The constant downward acceleration it experiences ...
5. The school bag was placed under table (directly below the edge of the table where the ticker timer set up was placed).
(The school bag was used simply to stop the mass from hitting the floor when it was dropped from the table).
6.
The ticker timer was turned on and set to 60 Hz. “^3 The set up looked like this: Top view: Side View: 7. The 100 g mass was dropped from the edge of the table allowing the ticker timer to mark the ticker tape every 1/60 th of a second showing the objects position every 1/60 th of a second. 8.
The ticker tape used was labeled! SS 100 g mass!” . 9. Procedure steps #2 through #8 were repeated using a 200 g mass to replace the 100 g mass. 10. Using time intervals measuring 0. 017 seconds each, the displacements of the 100 g and 200 g masses were recorded, up to the 10 th time interval (0.
152 s! V 0. 170 s).
Results: 100 g Mass Time Interval (s) Time Change (s) Displacement (m) [down] Average Velocity (m / s ) [down] 0. 0 – 0. 017 0.
017 0. 001 0. 058 0. 017! V 0. 034 0. 017 0.
003 0. 176 0. 034! V 0. 051 0.
017 0. 004 0. 235 0. 051! V 0.
068 0. 017 0. 007 0. 412 0. 068! V 0.
085 0. 017 0. 012 0. 706 0.
085! V 0. 102 0. 017 0. 015 0. 882 0. 102! V 0.
119 0. 017 0. 017 1. 000 0. 119! V 0. 136 0.
017 0. 021 1. 176 0. 136! V 0. 153 0. 017 0.
022 1. 294 0. 153! V 0. 170 0.
017 0. 024 1. 412 200 g Mass Time Interval (s) Time Change (s) Displacement (m) [down] Average Velocity (m / s ) [down] 0. 0 – 0. 017 0. 017 0.
001 0. 058 0. 017! V 0. 034 0. 017 0.
003 0. 176 0. 034! V 0. 051 0. 017 0.
006 0. 353 0. 051! V 0. 068 0.
017 0. 010 0. 588 0. 068! V 0. 085 0. 017 0.
013 0. 765 0. 085! V 0. 102 0. 017 0. 016 0.
941 0. 102! V 0. 119 0. 017 0. 018 1. 058 0.
119! V 0. 136 0. 017 0. 022 1. 294 0.
136! V 0. 153 0. 017 0. 021 1.
235 0. 153! V 0. 170 0. 017 0.
027 1. 589 All of the x and y values on all of the graphs are shown at! SS# x 10 e-3!” for better clarity. Analysis (For each mass): 1. Create a position-time graph: 2. Create an average velocity-time graph.
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Where would society be without mass media? How would our society evolve with electronic communication? These are important questions. They demand investigation into how our world functions on a daily basis. The answers to these questions tell us how we think, act and feel every day. Without mass media and without mass communication, society would look much different. Every generation had its own ...
Draw a line of best fit: 3. Use the average velocity-time graph to calculate the acceleration. Show your work. 100 g Mass Line of best fit! |s coordinates: (0, 0) and (0. 180, 1. 600) = y 2! Vy 1 x 2! Vx 1 = 1.
600! V 0 0. 180! V 0 = 1. 600 0. 180 = 8. 888 = The acceleration of the free-falling 100 g mass was 8. 888 m / s /s.
200 g Mass Line of best fit! |s coordinates: (0, 0. 050) and (0. 175, 1. 600) = y 2! Vy 1 x 2! Vx 1 = 1. 600! V 0.
050 0. 175! V 0 = 1. 550 0. 175 = 8. 857142 = The acceleration of the free-falling 200 g mass was 8. 857 m / s /s.
4. Write a conclusion to answer your question. The mass of a free-falling object has no effect what so ever on a free-falling object! |s acceleration. Merriam-Webster! |s definition of! SS free-falling!” is: ! SS The condition of unrestrained motion in a gravitational field.
!” In Laymen! |s terms, this means that every free-falling object on this planet has the same acceleration due to Earth! |s gravity, 9. 98 m / s /s [down]. 9. 98 m / s /s [down] is also called the! SSacceleration of gravity!” . Evaluation: 1.
Use the information in your textbook to find the accepted value of the acceleration of a free-falling object. Calculate the percent error. The accepted value of the acceleration of a free-falling object is 9. 98 m / s /s [down] (The acceleration of gravity).
= 100! V Lab! |s acceleration value x 100 Accepted acceleration value = 100 – 8. 888 x 100 9. 98 = 100 – 0. 89058 x 100 = 100 – 89. 058 = 10. 942 The percentage error of the value for the acceleration of a free-falling object that was obtained in this lab experiment was 10.
942 %. 2. Suggest at least three possible sources of error for this investigation. 1.
Ticker Timer not Accurate Using a ticker times is not an accurate way of measuring position or displacement. The ticker tape tends to slide to the left and the right, while it is running through the ticker timer during the experiment, affecting the line of dots on the ticker tape (they do not form a straight line).
Since the dots are crooked, it is much more difficult to measure the displacement between each one of them. Instead, some sort of automatic machine that not only counts the time intervals, but also records the displacements between the time intervals, should have been used. The calculations would have been much more exact. 2.
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1. When I do count the clock that tells the time, 2. And see the brave day sunk in hideous night; 3. When I behold the violet past prime, 4. And sable curls, all silvered o'er with white; 5. When lofty trees I see barren of leaves, 6. Which erst from heat did canopy the herd, 7. And summer's green all girded up in sheaves, 8. Borne on the bier with white and bristly beard, 9. Then of thy beauty do ...
Ruler not Accurate Using a ruler is not an accurate method of measuring displacement for this lab. In this investigation, a setting of 60 Hz was used. This means that the time intervals being used were 0. 017 seconds.
When working with very small numbers, using the naked eye to estimate the measurements of positions and displacements using a ruler is not very accurate at all, especially in cases such as this one, where being 0. 001 meters off will affect the final readings. Instead, some sort of automatic machine that not only counts the time intervals, but also records the displacements between the time intervals, should have been used. The calculations would have been much more exact. 3. Line of Best Fit not Accurate Since there are no specific equations or steps to reach an exact location, a scientist can only estimate where to place a line of best fit on a graph.
When estimated variables are used in an experiment, the end results will almost never be exact, especially when working with detailed numbers, where if an estimation is off by even a very small amount, the final calculations are skewed. Instead, several instantaneous accelerations should have been calculated to help find the average acceleration rate. At least that way, exact numbers would have been used instead of estimations.
