He had no intention to teach for money but instead to spread his new ideas through conversation. Socrates empathized morality and the importance of justice leaving the Athenian society completely baffled. No one had ever experienced a philosopher who centralized his ideas on ethical beliefs. Socrates main ideas included finding the true knowledge of justice and choosing good over evil inevitably leading to a happy life. In one instance, Socrates refused to put a group of generals who had lost sailors in a storm to death all at once but rather insisted that they had to be tried individually, as the law stated.
A fellow philosopher Xenophon recounts that the assembly and powerful men were angry with him but he would rather be punished then insult justice (8).
Clearly, Socrates was completely focused on moral knowledge leading to a good life. Aristotle uses a different way to describe Socrates intentions claiming that Socrates used certain comparisons to strengthen his claim. Aristotle says, “Then they are the sort of comparisons Socrates used. For example, If someone says that people should’t be chosen by lot to hold office, that’s just like someone appointing athletes should ignore those who are the best competitors, and pick at random”(3).
Socrate’s fellow citizens however could not disagree more. Their concepts expressed the importance of public success and wealth, intentionally focusing on individual virtue rather than the community as whole, like Socrates was. Tensions rose when sons began to imitate Socrates and arguing with their parents claiming that their concepts were worthless. Challenging you father was extremely rare before Socrates due to the Athenian traditional educational hierarchy which was established many years before.
The Term Paper on Universality and Reversibility: Justice and Fairness
The categorical imperative incorporates two criteria for determining moral right and wrong: universalizability and reversibility. Universalizability means the person’s reasons for acting must be reasons that everyone could act on at least in principle. Reversibility means the person’s reasons for acting must be reasons that he or she would be willing to have all others use, even as a ...
Many felt that Socrates was making the young men of the next generation question Athenian traditions especially since he was accused of corrupting Cretas and Alchibades who were later involved in some type of tyranny later in Athens(1,2).
Nonetheless, these young men were only intrigued to question their fathers as a cause of the Socratic method. Without the socratic method Socrates ideas would have no strength behind them and he would simply be another philosopher of that era in Athens. Socrates ability to use the power of persuasion to completely baffle some of the wisest men in Athens drew attention.
The power to persuade in Athenian society was a characteristic that showed excellence in men. Then why did the Athenians feel threatened by Socrates persuasive nature? Should they not deem him the most excellent man in all of Athens? Essentially, Socrates method of humiliating the wisest men in Athenians left them feeling uneducated and upset. The Athenians, who relied on the wise men’s beliefs also felt upset that the ideas they had believed for centuries could be wrong. Socrates questioned things that had never been questioned before and left the Athenian society feeling uncomfortable.
Socrates even says himself during his apology that he is being accused of being an evildoer and a too-curious person(13).
This pushed them towards the desire to just to get rid of him and go back to the way things were. The Athenians were afraid of change since their democracy had brought them such prosper which they were unwilling to lose. Socrates justifies his method by arguing that he is not trying to undermine others ideas but help them improve and become enlightened. While talking to plato, one of his well-known students, Socrates explains his reasoning.
He uses an allusion to a cave with a hole on the ceiling. There are men chained to one side of a cave and a fire behind them, casting shadows along the wall that they are facing. If men were to walk with objects behind the chained men they would only see the shadow of the object and assume that that was what the objects looked like. However, if one of the men was to be dragged out of the cave and actually seen the object in the real world, it would look much different. The man who had stepped out of the cave would be much more educated then the man inside and would see justice firsthand.
The Essay on Century Bce Athenian Athenians Athens
The 5 th century BCE was a period of great development in Ancient Greece, and specifically in Athens. The development of so many cultural achievements within Athens and the Athenian Empire has led scholars to deem this period a 'Golden Age.' It is true that his period had many achievements, but in the light of the Athenians treatment of women, metics (non-Athenians living in Athens), and slaves it ...
To be “good”, as Socrates puts it he will need to go back in an educate the others, to achieve the same knowledge that he has. In comparison to the real world, the trip out of the cave is the mind. My interpretation of the allegory is that Socrates is suggesting that him and his followers are the only ones who have dared to venture out of the cave and enlighten their minds with new ideas. Once they embark back into the cave however to bring back their new ideas they are not warmly welcomed. Plato says, “Wouldn’t they say of him that by going up above was neither prudent nor advisable?
And if they could free their hands to seize and kill the man who had released and led one of them up, wouldn’t they kill him. “(12).
In other words, the men inside the cave felt threatened by the man who was bringing men above the cave and wanted to get rid of him, just like Athens wanted to dispose of Socrates. Eventually, the Athenians executed Socrates to return to their secure society. Afterwards, the Athenians realized that Socrates had been their best asset in order to develop their empire. His changes may have unsettled many but in the end would bring Athens closer to its fullest potential.
