Afghanistan’s Pushtun a Culture of Hardship INTRODUCTION Afghanistan, Land of the Pushtun, is a mountainous land-locked country in Central Asia with a history and culture that goes back over 5000 years. Throughout its long, splendid, and sometimes chaotic history, this area of the world has been known by various names. In the ancient times, its inhabitants called the land Aryan a. And in the medieval era, it was called Khorasan. Modern life in Afghanistan is much different than life in the west. This report will illustrate some of the key differences and similarities to other parts of the world.
This information was made possible by several sources listed in the endnotes. 2 THE PUSHTUN The Pushtun are a nomadic people that primarily congregate in Afghanistan, although they are gradually being incorporated into Afghanistan’s larger cities. The exact population of the Pushtun is unknown because of mountain villages and such, however, it is estimated to be around seven to nine million. THE HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN BEFORE ISLAM EVENTS One of the first significant pre-Islam events was named “Alexander the Great invasion” in 328 BC. This was one of the many conquests of Alexander the Great. The first Muslim-Arab Conquests began in 652-664 AD.
These people were likely the ancestors of most ethnic afghans currently living in Afghanistan and the surrounding area. AFTER ISLAM EVENTS In 1504 – 1525 AD, Babu r invaded Afghanistan and established the capital in Kabul. The Russians Occupied Panjdeh in 1885. Following that, the Russians occupied Zulfiqar and Aqobat and took Panjdeh. This was the first, and not the last act of aggression by the Russians. RECENT HISTORY OF AFGHANISTAN In 1919, Amir Amanullah Khan declared a holy war against British Imperialism for Independence of Afghanistan.
The Term Paper on Arabs In History People Empire Islam
Bernard Lewis is Cleveland E. Dodge Professor Emeritus of Near Eastern Studies, and Long-Term Member of the Institute for Advance Study, Princeton University. He was educated in the University of London, primarily but not entirely at the School of Oriental and African Studies, where He took both his B. A. (Honors in History) and his Ph. D.His B. A. degree was in History with special reference to ...
The treaty of Rawalpindi on August 8, 1919, Recognized 3 Afghanistan’s political independence. The Afghan-Russian treaty was signed on February 28, 1921 A treaty of friendship signed by Afghanistan and Soviet Union and completed the establishment of diplomatic relations. The first president of Afghanistan was Mohammed Daou d Khan who was in office between July 17, 1973 and April 27, 1978. On August 20, 1998 The United States of America assaulted Afghan territory K host to target the terrorist centres with cruise missiles. Approximately, 80 missiles were launched into the Afghan territory.
The main target of the attack was to destroy Osama Bin Laden’s headquarters. NEW MILLENIUM HISTORY On September 9, 2001 Two Arab journalists in Panjshir injured the legendary Ahmad Shah Massoud, the leader of the Northern Alliance political party, after a plot organized by the Taliban. On September 11, 2001 America was attacked. Hijackers crashed planes into the two World Trade Center towers and The Pentagon. More than 6, 000 people died as a result of the terrorist acts.
The USA declared Osama Bin Laden the prime suspect of the terrorism. On September 15, 2001, Ahmad Shah Massoud died as the result of an explosion and injured General Fa him who was named the replacement for Ahmad Shah Massoud. On September 20, 2001, President Bush demanded that the Taliban regime hand over the suspected terrorist Osama Bin Laden without any conditions. 3 THE CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS OF AFGHANISTAN MUSIC AND DANCE Music and dance, although banned under Taliban rule, was, and is an essential part of Afghani tradition.
Music would only be played at joyous occasions such as weddings, but not at funerals. Most women play a drum-like instrument named the daire h. While men play the armenia an instrument resembling the lute. The national dance of Afghanistan is called the Atan, and is usually performed at receptions.
RELIGION AND HOLIDAYS One major Muslim event is Ramadan. It is a fast lasting one month, followed by a feast to commemorate Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son Ishmael to God. Another holiday is No ruz celebrating the New Year on March 21. Other holidays include: Loss of the Muslim Nation on April 28, Remembrance Day for Martyrs and Disabled on May 4, Independence Day on August 19 and Pashtoonistan Day on August 30 or 31. On the Muslim calendar there are five feasts. All of the dates of the feasts have something in common with the prophet Muhammad.
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The United States faces many problems in the current war with terrorist forces. The increase of causalities, the increase of fanatical Taliban and al Qaeda troops, the lack of Afghan National Army forces to help with the fighting, and the ever looming threat of nuclear weapons falling into the hands of insurgents. The Obama administration’s new strategy includes efforts to increase the confidence ...
4 4 SPORTS 1. Traditional The national sport of Afghan, Buz kashi, involves a headless carcass of a goat being put into a ring and is being sought after by men on horseback. The object of the game is to bring the carcass back to the player’s own side. The winner of the match gets to keep the goat as food.
This is a very difficult game and is much too challenging for the younger men. Other sports include tent pegging, To pay d anda, a game that is similar to stick ball, and kitefighting, a youth’s game. The object of kitefighting is to break the opponent’s string by gluing shards of broken glass to the player’s kite string and flying it into the opponent’s kite string. 2.
Universal Afghanistan participates in many universal sports such as: wrestling (palwani), boxing, martial arts, basketball, soccer, bicycle racing, archery, shooting competitions, running etc. 5 CONCLUSION Afghanistan’s Pushtun culture is a culture of vigor and mystery. Not much is known about it. But what is known is that the people that live there may pray differently, cook differently, or even live in different kinds of houses, but we are really aren’t that different..
