The main purpose of the article, Airspace Blunders, is to identify the leading causes for airspace incursions, more commonly known as near-midair collisions, and to provide alternative courses of action to prevent them. Prior to 9/11, the Aviation Safety Reporting System (A SRS) reported 10 clearly defined categories of causes; Unfamiliarity, Complex airspace, Overlying airspace, High workloads, Trusting technology too much, Confusion over landmarks, Problems getting clearances, Cutting it too Close, and finally, “I didn’t realize… .” Of the causes identified, one was pilots being unfamiliar with the airspace boundaries, not being able to pick out local landmarks based on a section chart, understanding urban settings, strict noise abatement procedures and identifying different airspace classes. When you add in rapid-fire communications, high traffic flows and the complexity of a new patch of airspace, the challenges become much greater. The article suggests pilots being better prepared may mitigate these obstacles. This entails making sure the charts have proper scaling to signify key landmarks.
These charts must then be studied. Prior to the flight, pilots were recommended to contact local pilots and flight instructors to obtain a sound understanding on normal clearances and potential problems. When flying in complex airspace, the potential for flying into restricted airspace increases. Filing IFR for flight operations is an easier and safer option. Problems arise where adjacent airspace conflicts. Some military areas or restricted areas butt extremely close to an airport, even Class B, C, or D airports.
The Essay on Pilot Flight Attendant
In these following paragraphs I will be explaining the responsibilities, salary, education and training required, employment rules, and much more about pilot and flight attendants. To become a flight attendant you are required to be at least 20 years of age and have a high school diploma or GED. You must also be willing to relocate to any of the flight attendant bases and at your own expense for ...
In this case, the pilot should contact air traffic control before operating. Also, the local community can contact the FAA to establish convenient communication procedures, which would allow pilots to contact the controlling agency while on the runway to obtain a clearance. The article also suggests publishing the frequencies in the Airport/Facility Directory and also at the entrances and end of the runways. As one would expect, high workloads are common in busy airspace. In addition to the multitude of air traffic communication you would be required to monitor and obey, you must also try to visually watch for traffic. The margin for error within busy airspace is extremely small, so you can’t let navigation tasks diminish.
Though, preparation is the key to success, one recommendation is to study charts prior to your flight, write down the appropriate radio frequencies, folding charts in a methodical manner, and using a knee board. Cockpit organization is imperative. With all the advanced technology installed in general aviation planes, pilots sometimes become way too reliant on such. If any of these systems are programmed incorrectly, you chance for failure increases significantly. It is recommended you back up the navigational information using an old-fashioned aeronautical chart, and crosschecking your various navigational cues. In periods of low visibility, summer haze, or when holiday lighting is present, spotting landmarks can be extremely difficult.
The chances of losing your position and wandering into someone’s airspace increases dramatically. Using IFR instead of VFR will greatly enhance your chances of a successful flight. Understandably, dense airspace has increased communications traffic, and therefore clearance to penetrate may be a significant challenge. In some cases pilots report not knowing the weather had dropped below VFR, and they were required to use IFR. Also, FARs is very explicit regarding entry into Class B airspace. The pilot must have specific permission to enter, and with increased communications traffic may misunderstand their clearance granted.
The Term Paper on Air Traffic Management Concept
This paper aims to show some major issues regarding the integration of future ground-based ATM decision support systems (The Air Traffic Management Concept) and how these systems will improve the human factor in the air traffic system. If present airspace procedures continue as it is, escalating traffic demands are presumed to compromise many things. Among these are on-time performance, security, ...
To prevent any miscommunication, always ask the air traffic controller to repeat the message until you clearly understand it. In some cases when pilots try to cut corners by attempting to get around certain airspace, they inadvertently wander into yet airspace. To prevent this, give yourself the widest margin you can. The final category of airspace incursions occurred with Temporary Flight Restrictions (T FRs).
Sometimes the TFR is inadvertently omitted from the pilots briefing, or if it is identified, the location is difficult to pinpoint. The conclusion of the article is there are many distinct reasons why airspace incursions occur, but there are also many distinct actions any pilot may take to prevent them.
I tend to agree with the article, in that prior planning, being extremely organized, and trying to identify any challenges you may encounter is a good start. One you ” ve identified any problems you think you may face, you pre-plan a course of action that will minimize the challenges. While this article is probably not all-inclusive of each and every reason airspace incursions occur, I do believe it captured all the major areas. I think it would be almost impossible to list each and every reason these incursions occur. It is my opinion this article was well thought out, planned, and written. This article could have a substantial impact on Air Transportation.
If all the suggestions on avoiding airspace incursions were followed, the chances of airspace incursions could be at the very least minimized, or in some cases, be totally avoidable. This, along with the implementation of flight restrictions post 9/11 could definitely make our airspace’s safer, and drastically reduce the number of airspace incursions experienced. I would feel much better knowing the pilot on any flight I, or any member of my family might take had read and adhered to these suggestions.
The Essay on Runway Incursion Problem
On Jan., 1, 1999, at Los Angeles International airport, the pilots of a B-757 were cleared into position to hold on runway 24L. Another B-757 on final was cleared to land; the flight crew asked if the runway was occupied. The tower controller said no. On short final, the pilots of the landing B-757 spotted the airplane on the runway and began a go-around, missing the airplane on the runway by an ...
