final weight percent yield 2, 4-DNP Tollen’s test pathway. 42 g 67% positive negative oxidation of secondary OH Good Things My experiment went well. I began my experiment with. 64 g of 2-ethyl-1, 3-. The molecular weight of this compound is 146. 2 g / mol .
It is converted into 2-ethyl-1 — 3-one. This compounds molecular weight is 144. 2 g / mol . This gives a theoretical yield of.
63 grams. My actual yield was. 42 grams. Therefore, my percent yield was 67%.
This was one of my highest yields yet. I felt that this was a good yield because part of this experiment is an equilibrium reaction. Hypochlorite must be used in excess to push the reaction to the right. Also, there were better ways to do this experiment where higher yields could have been produced. For example PCC could have been used. However, because of its toxic properties, its use is restricted.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine which of the 3 compounds was formed from the starting material. The third compound was the oxidation of both alcohols. This could not have been my product because of the results of my IR. I had a broad large absorption is the range of 3200 to 3500 wave numbers. This indicates the presence of an alcohol. If my compound had been fully oxidized then there would be no such alcohol present.
Also, because of my IR, I know that my compound was one of the other 2 compounds because of the strong sharp absorption at 1705 wave numbers. This indicates the presence of a carbonyl. Also, my 2, 4-DNP test was positive. Therefore I had to prove which of the two compounds my final product was. The first was the oxidation of the primary alcohol, forming an aldehyde and a secondary alcohol. This could not have been my product because the Tollen’s test.
The Essay on The Hawthorne Experiments: Illumination Test
In the early 1920s Chicago’s Western Electric Hawthorne Works employed 12,000 workers. The plant was a primary manufacturer of telephones, and in 1924 the company provided a site to cooperate with the NRC on a series of test room studies to determine the relationship between illumination and worker efficiency. The basic idea was to vary and record levels of illumination in a test room with ...
My test was negative indicating no such aldehyde. Also, the textbook states that aldehydes show 2 characteristic absorption’s in the range of 2720-2820 wave numbers. No such absorption’s were present in my sample. Therefore my final product was the oxidation of the secondary alcohol. My final product had a primary alcohol and a secondary ketone Bad Things I really don’t have that many bad things to write about. I forgot to shake my sep funnel after my first addition of.
I had to redo that step. Also, there is a very slight chance that a little bit of could have been left in my final product. When I was distilling, I thought I had boiled away everything in my flask. The distilled at 39.
5 degrees. To avoid distilling to dryness, I removed the heat. However, there was still some product left. I just couldn’t see it very easily.
I believe that most of the that was left after removing the heat was eventually removed while the flask was cooling. Also, I would like to have seen my ketone absorption a little higher in wave number. As stated in the book, an unknown at an absorption of 1750 wave number almost certainly is a ketone. The absorption of my ketone was at 1705.
It could have been influence by something else. Perhaps it could have been. My yield could have been improved by being more careful with my washes. If I had been much more careful while separating layers, I could have had more product. This would have taken more time however. Main Idea In an oxidation reaction an alcohol is converted to carbonyl.
This carbonyl can either be an aldehyde or a ketone. In organic chemistry it is important to be able to select certain groups over another. In this experiment, the secondary alcohol is selected over the primary alcohol. In many cases the primary alcohol can be oxidized all the way a acid. In order to achieve selectivity, sodium hypochlorite is used. It is reacted with acetic acid to form HOCl.
The Essay on Qualitative Tests For Carbonyls: Aldehydes Vs. Ketones
Various chemical tests identifying ketones and aldehydes are used in this experiment in order to identify an unknown carbonyl compound. The tests used are: 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone test, Tollen’s Test, Benedict’s Test, Chromic Acid Test, aka Bordwell-Wellman Test, Schiff’s Test, and Iodoform Test. These classification tests provide results based on color change or formation of ...
Then HOCl is reacted in excess with the alcohol compound to push the reaction to the right in which OCl replaces the OH. Then water is added. It abstracts a hydrogen and the hydrogen’s electrons form a double bond to the oxygen. The chlorine is expelled while this double bond is formed. Temperature is also important in this reaction. The temperature must stay below 30 degrees Celsius to retain the selectivity.
PCC and PDC can also be used to do the same procedure but are cancer suspect agents. Using bleach is much safer. Three tests are used to identify the product. I briefly discussed them earlier in my first paragraph. An IR is first used.
This tells me what functional groups are present. The two regions that I am looking at are 3200-3500 and 1600-1800. This lets me know if I have an alcohol and a carbonyl. I had both of these in my final product. Two classification tests were used to find out if I had certain functional groups.
2, 4-DNP is the first. It tells me that I have an aldehyde or a ketone. In this case a precipitate forms after the nitrogen on the 2, 4-DNP replaces the oxygen on the carbonyl. This derivative is an orange precipitate and is easily recognized.
I had a precipitate and therefore I had either an aldehyde or a ketone. The last test is the Tollen’s test. The Tollen’s test is only a positive test for aldehydes. It forms silver when it further oxidizes the aldehyde.
The silver forms a silver mirror on the bottom of the test tube. A positive test was easily recognized when I performed a test on benzaldehyde. My final product was definitely not positive for this test. By compiling the data from each of these tests, it is very easy to determine what functional group is selected over the other. The secondary alcohol is oxidized and the primary alcohol is not.
The Term Paper on Alcohol And Stress
Living with a non-recovering alcoholic in the family can contribute to stress for all members of the family. Each member may be affected differently and react to this stress in the same or different way. The level of dysfunction or resiliency of the non-alcoholic spouse is usually a key factor in the effects of problems and levels of stress impacting the children. Children raised in alcoholic ...
