Abstract The main objective of this lab was to identify different bacteria by simple, negative, and gram staining. To view each bacteria cell, the bacteria was transferred aseptically to a slide, and they were then viewed by using oil immersion, by a light microscope. From this lab, it was determined that E. coli and B. megaterium are gram positive And Gram Negative Bacteria">gram negative and B. subtilis and S.
Marcesans are gram positive. Introduction The purpose of this lab was to view the different characteristics of bacteria by applying various staining techniques. It is important to know the make up if a certain bacteria so an antibiotic may be engineered to destroy the bacteria. From the gram stain, it was possible to determine which bacteria was gram positive or gram negative. This is important because gram-negative bacteria are generally more toxic (due to the lipopolysaccaride) are resistant to antibiotics than the gram-positive bacteria. Methods The materials used for this lab were: 1.
A light microscope 2. Four glass slides 3. And inoculating loop 4. A Bunsen Burner 5. Bacteria (E. coli, S.
megaterium, B. subtilis, and S. marcesens) 6. Alcohol 7. Staining bowl 8. Methylene blue, oil, nigrosin, crystal violet, iodine, safranin 9.
The Essay on Memory Lab
The purpose of the memory lab was to determine which environments are most suitable for memory retention. The participants of this experiment were the students enrolled in our GSC 101 physical science class. Ages ranged from 18years of age to possibly 50. Of these participants we had a wide range of educational majors, ethnical background, and genders. All participants were required to submit a ...
Distilled water Three different staining procedures were then used for all four types of bacteria. The directions for each staining process can be found on pages 18-19 of the lab manual. For simple stain, bacteria was removed with a sterile inoculating loop and placed on a glass slide. Methylene blue was then applied until the slide was covered.
Distilled water was then poured on the slide until the methylene blue was removed. The slide was allowed to dry. Next, oil was placed on the slide so that the oil objective lens on the light microscope was employed. The bacterium was viewed and a sketch was made. For the negative stain, a loopful of bacteria was placed on a slide. A drop of Nigrosin solution was placed next to the bacteria, and the blood smearing technique learned in the first lab was applied to cover the slide with nigrosin solution.
A sketch was then made. Gram staining was more complicated. First, two separate types of bacteria were used. One type was placed on one slide, and the other bacteria were placed on the opposite side. Both bacteria were also placed in the middle of the slide so they could be viewed together. Crystal violet, iodine and safranin were all placed on the slide and washed off with distilled water.
Once dried, oil was applied to the slide, and it was ready to be viewed. Again a sketch was made. Results The sketches were drawn on a separate piece of paper and then revised. A table is provided. E. coli B.
subtilis S. marcesans S. megaturiun Size Small, rod-shaped Small, rod-shaped Round, very small Round, small clumps Elevation Convex Flat Convex Convex Surface Shiny Rough Red, smooth Smooth Color White, shiny Pale yellow Reddish-orange Light purple Edge Wrinkled Round Round Round Discussion The basic purpose of this lab exercise was to view the different characteristics of certain types of bacteria. Using the oil immersion lens accomplished this task. The importance of the lens is that it can get so close to the slide (it is basically touching it) and gives the experimenter a great view of the desired object. The different staining techniques were very useful.
The simple stain just stains the cells, so the basic shape of the cell is viewed. With the negative stain, the background is stained, so the elevation, color, and surface are more easily observed. The gram stain, dyed the bacteria either red or purple by using the iodine, methylene blue, crystal violet, and safranin, helped determine the difference between the gram negative or gram-positive bacteria. If the gram stain is negative it will have a lipopolysaccharide cell wall, if positive, it is a peptidoglycan cell wall.
The Essay on The Different Views Of The Buddha And The Mahavira On Reaching Nirvana
The Mahavira and the Buddha share the same fundamental beliefs in Karma and dharma, however, their philosophies on how to achieve Nirvana differ greatly. Self denial, meditation, and enlightenment are the three major ways these two individuals believed helped to reach Nirvana. The Mahavira believed that self denial and meditation were the ways to achieving Nirvana, when the Buddha believed that ...
Once this is known, scientists can engineer antibiotics that disrupt the bacteria’s process of protein synthesis. Some different examples of this are erythromycin and tetracycline. References Appendix- Gene Transfer in the Environment. Cambell, Neil.
Biology. 4 th Edition. Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. 1996 Abstract The main objective of this lab was to identify different bacteria by simple, negative, and gram staining. To view each bacteria cell, the bacteria was transferred aseptically to a slide, and they were then viewed by using oil immersion, by a light microscope.
From this lab, it was determined that E. coli and B. megaterium are gram negative and B. subtilis and S. Marcesans are gram positive.
Introduction The purpose of this lab was to view the different characteristics of bacteria by applying various staining techniques. It is important to know the make up if a certain bacteria so an antibiotic may be engineered to destroy the bacteria. From the gram stain, it was possible to determine which bacteria was gram positive or gram negative. This is important because gram-negative bacteria are generally more toxic (due to the lipopolysaccaride) are resistant to antibiotics than the gram-positive bacteria. Methods The materials used for this lab were: 1. A light microscope 2.
Four glass slides 3. And inoculating loop 4. A Bunsen Burner 5. Bacteria (E. coli, S.
megaterium, B. subtilis, and S. marcesens) 6. Alcohol 7. Staining bowl 8. Methylene blue, oil, nigrosin, crystal violet, iodine, safranin 9.
Distilled water Three different staining procedures were then used for all four types of bacteria. The directions for each staining process can be found on pages 18-19 of the lab manual. For simple stain, bacteria was removed with a sterile inoculating loop and placed on a glass slide. Methylene blue was then applied until the slide was covered. Distilled water was then poured on the slide until the methylene blue was removed. The slide was allowed to dry.
The Essay on Describe the basis of the Gram stain
Introduction Gram staining is a procedure founded by Christian Jacobs Hans Gram in 1883 in Germany. The Gram stain is a technique devised to categorise most bacteria into two sub-categories; gram positive and gram negative, based on the properties of the cell wall. Cell wall The cell wall’s characteristics determine Gram staining. Gram negative bacteria contain an asymmetric bilayer, where the ...
Next, oil was placed on the slide so that the oil objective lens on the light microscope was employed. The bacterium was viewed and a sketch was made. For the negative stain, a loopful of bacteria was placed on a slide. A drop of Nigrosin solution was placed next to the bacteria, and the blood smearing technique learned in the first lab was applied to cover the slide with nigrosin solution. A sketch was then made. Gram staining was more complicated.
First, two separate types of bacteria were used. One type was placed on one slide, and the other bacteria were placed on the opposite side. Both bacteria were also placed in the middle of the slide so they could be viewed together. Crystal violet, iodine and safranin were all placed on the slide and washed off with distilled water. Once dried, oil was applied to the slide, and it was ready to be viewed. Again a sketch was made.
Results The sketches were drawn on a separate piece of paper and then revised. A table is provided. E. coli B.
subtilis S. marcesans S. megaturiun Size Small, rod-shaped Small, rod-shaped Round, very small Round, small clumps Elevation Convex Flat Convex Convex Surface Shiny Rough Red, smooth Smooth Color White, shiny Pale yellow Reddish-orange Light purple Edge Wrinkled Round Round Round Discussion The basic purpose of this lab exercise was to view the different characteristics of certain types of bacteria. Using the oil immersion lens accomplished this task.
The importance of the lens is that it can get so close to the slide (it is basically touching it) and gives the experimenter a great view of the desired object. The different staining techniques were very useful. The simple stain just stains the cells, so the basic shape of the cell is viewed. With the negative stain, the background is stained, so the elevation, color, and surface are more easily observed. The gram stain, dyed the bacteria either red or purple by using the iodine, methylene blue, crystal violet, and safranin, helped determine the difference between the gram negative or gram-positive bacteria.
The Essay on Gram Staining
... retain a primary stain are called gram-positive. The gram staining procedure consists of fixing a colony of bacteria onto a slide and then flooding ... I was conclude that the culture was old. If I viewed a gram-stained field of red rods and purple cocci through the ... the bacterial cells, staining gram-positive cells purple. Iodine was added to fix the violet dye into place and then ethanol was ...
If the gram stain is negative it will have a lipopolysaccharide cell wall, if positive, it is a peptidoglycan cell wall. Once this is known, scientists can engineer antibiotics that disrupt the bacteria’s process of protein synthesis. Some different examples of this are erythromycin and tetracycline. Bibliography References Appendix- Gene Transfer in the Environment. Cambell, Neil.
Biology. 4 th Edition. Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. 1996 37 b.
