Introduction
The health industry is in the process of adopting evidence based interventions. This has lead to the standardization on the mode of communication in the classification of diagnosis, applied interventions and the expected outcomes. In this standardization process, the NANDA, NIC, and NOC elements are the most commonly used and effective systems. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of these standardized terminologies as they relate to a patient with congestive heart failure, identify the elements of NANDA, NIC and NOC and describe the data, information, knowledge and wisdom used during the process. Applying standardized Terminologies in Practice
The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) provides a clear outline on how nurses should diagnose various diseases. The nursing outcome classification (NOC) provides measurement scales and indictors to be used in measuring the progress of a patient. According to Johnson (2012), NOC enables a nurse to maintain various patient outcomes in different environments over time. Various interventions relating to specific diagnosis are also provided in the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC).
The NIC also has specific activities that are to be implemented depending on the patient’s needs and other existing circumstances. The following is an illustration of how each of the above standardized terminologies can be applied in a patient with congestive heart failure.
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Congestive heart failure is a condition where the heart is unable to pump oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body (García, 2010).
Heart failure can be caused by a number of things that cause the increased need to provide oxygenated blood to the body tissues, which causes weakening of the heart, and heart failure. NANDA can be used to collect the necessary information in order to determine the most appropriate intervention (Johnson, 2012).
The first consideration should be the determination of the effectiveness of self heath management. This will include the determination of the kind of diet a patient takes and the degree of exercising together with the knowledge of how various activities affect the heart.
The next consideration would be the determination of the body’s fluid levels. This would be followed by the examination of the body and patient’s regulatory systems which affects the body’s fluid level. The next step will then be the evaluation of the disease status of the patient. Other diseases may have a negative effect to the ability of the heart to pump blood to the various parts of the body and this step will enable the nurse to discover which disease is causing a negative effect to the heart. The evaluation of the family status will reveal any conflicts that may be causing the heart failure while at the same time provide an understanding of the degree of effectiveness of therapeutic regimen management. Through this data, the nurse will be in a position to determine the patient’s current status and aid in determining the level of outcomes that is required to manage the disease effectively. Nursing Outcome Classification
At this stage, the nurse should establish the levels to be reached for each of the causes determined in the diagnosis process. First, the nurse should set the required compliance behavior to the strategies to be implemented. This will be followed by the determination of the level of knowledge to provide to the patients. Thede & Sewell (2010), states that the nurse will then determine the acceptable tolerance levels of body that will enable the patient to perform the various interventions. Determining the degree of interventions required will depend on the patient’s fluid levels. Family support and conflicts have also been identified as possible causes of heart failure and the nurse should have a clear picture of the degree of family assistance to be provided. The amount of support from members of the nuclear family would be a good measure because it will also mean that all family conflicts have been eliminated. After the setting of the targets relating to any possible cause, the nurse should put in place all the necessary activities that will ensure that the required levels are reached. Nursing Intervention Classification
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The treatment of the heart, other diseases, and the elimination of triggering factors are the three forms of interventions that are available for treatment of congestive heart failure. The treatment of heart itself and treatment of other diseases affecting the heart are primarily treated through prescribed medication. Elimination of triggering factors can be done through a number of ways, such as the monitoring fluid status, nutritional therapy and full provision of family support. Other means include the provision of education that will help a patient to modify their behavior and manage their energy effectively (Thede & Sewell, 2010).
Additionally, the creation of an exercise routine that will reduce the overall oxygen requirements of the body tissues is also of great significance. The extent to which these interventions will be implemented depends highly on the degree of outcome that was determined at the nursing outcome classification stage. This therefore implies that continuous monitoring of the applied intervention is necessary in order to ensure that the interventions are in line with the required outcomes. Conclusion
Through NANDA specifications, the nurses are able to establish all the possibilities that could be resulting to a particular disease while the NOC enables the nurses to determine where to direct the disease intervention. Finally, the NIC ensures that right interventions that provide complete treatment to a particular disease or conditions are implemented. It is therefore advisable that all nurses adopt the above procedure while diagnosing and treating their patients.
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References
García, J. E. (2010).
Congestive heart failure symptoms, causes and treatment. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Johnson, M. (2012).
NOC and NIC linkages to NANDA-I and clinical conditions: supporting critical thinking and quality care (3rd Ed.).
Maryland Heights, MO: Elsevier Mosby. Thede, L. Q., & Sewell, J. P. (2010).
Informatics and nursing: competencies & applications (3rd ed.).
Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
