Parental expectations of their children’s development can be influenced by many factors. factors like media, family beliefs, personal experience. Expectations come from several sources- from parents, teachers, family, peers and ourselves. All these factors relate to social and culture beliefs.
Piaget stressed the importance of the environment in children’s learning seeing children as active builders of their own knowledge. The social constructive perspective on child development places main emphasis on the importance of the social environment on child development. Lev Vygotsky’s findings showed that children had a great deal to learn from each other through interaction and communication. Unlike piaget, Vygotsky thought that children’s ability should not be judged only on what they can do alone, but on what they are capable of with help.
So the child may be provided with a more challenging and stimulating environment. Constructivist propose that children have qualitatively distinct ways of thinking, feeling and behaving at different stages of development. Whiting and Edwards (1992) discuss the importance of cultural values and their influence on what is perceived as appropriate social behaviour. Hess et al. (1980) carried out cross-cultural study into the expectations of American and Japanese mothers about their children’s development. He design a developmental expectation procedure to study mother’s expectations.
The Term Paper on Summarising the Main Aspects of a Child’s Development 0-2, 3-5 and 5-8 Years
Physical After a baby is born their physical development starts with lying on their back, touching their toes and discovering their fingers, they can also turn their head to smell their mother’s breast. As the child grows it will become more agile and begin to hold its own head, shuffle, crawl and eventually walk unaided. At the age of two they will be more confident on their feet and even start ...
The study produced some interesting dar a into the cultural differences in the two group’s expectations. It showed that the Japanese mother’s expectations for early achievement fell into categories of compliance, independence and emotional maturity. In contrast the American mothers expected social skills and verbal assertiveness to be ascertained at a younger age. Whiting and Edwards (1992) discussed the importance of cultural values and their influence on what is seen as an appropriate social behaviour. they explain different expectations of children’s development in various cultures and why different cultures expect different things of their children. For example in a more complex society literacy would seen as the most important skills to learn.
Whereas in a simple society it is likely that children will learn the physical world. It can be said that cultural needs of society strongly influence parent’s expectations of their own children’s development. A cross- cultural study carried out by Robert Hess et al (1980) showed that the American mothers expected social skills and verbal assertiveness to be ascertained at a you ger age. In contrast the Japanese mother’s expectations for early achievement fell into the areas of compliance, independence and emotional maturity.
Piaget stressed the importance of the environment in children’s learning seeing as active builders of their own knowledge. Children development and expectations of mothers about their children’s development are influenced by the society in which they live.
