INTRODUCTION What is bipolar disorder The word bipolar is defined as “relating to, associated with, or occurring in two polar regions 7. Bipolar disorder is a concept described as a mental illness in which a person experiences dramatic mood swings. This disorder affects one in every one hundred people. Bipolar disorder is the technical term for manic-depressive illness. The first known history of bipolar disorder was in 1922. Emil Kraepelin, director of the Research Institute of Psychiatry, developed the first categories of mental illnesses 4.
Manic-depressive psychosis (bipolar disorder) and dementia praecox (now called schizophrenia) are two categories he defined. BODY What Are the Stages and Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder There are two recurring stages of bipolar disorder. Each stage is generally followed by a period of normalcy. The following section of the report will analyze the stages of bipolar episodes, and describe the symptoms of each. Mania. The etymology of the word mania comes from the Greek word mainesthai, meaning to be mad 7.
The Webster’s Dictionary defines mania as “excitement manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behavior, and elevation of mood.” The mania stage of bipolar disorder is like the happiest moment of a person’s life, exaggerated to the full capabilities of the human mind (analogy).
The Essay on Bipolar Disorder 10
... problems on some other cause than a mental illness. For this reason people with bipolar disorder need encouragement from their family and friends ... can improve the mental state of those with this disorder. There are many signs of the manic stage of bipolar disorder. Some of ... bipolar disorder does not receive treatment, the disorder can worsen, In this case it could break out into a full-fledged mania ...
This becomes a problem when the feelings are so strong that the person looses contact with reality. In an episode of mania, a person may experience the following symptoms: 5 Abnormally elevated mood (euphoria) Over-inflated self-esteem Decreased need for sleep Increased talkativeness Racing thoughts Distractibility Involvement in risky activities Severe Depression. The Bipolar Disorder Glossary defines depression as “an extreme mood of sadness with physica symptoms such as loss of appetite and sleep.” Everyone experiences depression in their lifetime, it helps people to recognize problem situations. In contrast to normal depression, severe depression can impair a persons ability to function in everyday situations. Someone with bipolar disorder will usually demonstrate several of the following symptoms: 5 Persistent sad mood Loss of interest in pleasurable activities Change in appetite Difficulty sleeping Loss of energy Feelings of worthlessness Difficulty concentrating Suicidal thoughts Mixed Episode.
When in the mixed episode stage of bipolar disorder, a person experiences symptoms of both mania and depression at the same time. This stage is the most disabling because the depressed mood accompanies manic activities. Figure 1 These are tomography scans of the brain of a person with bipolar disorder. Blue and green show low levels of brain activity: red, orange, and yellow show high levels of brain activity. The top row of Figure 1 shows depression, the middle row shows mania, and the bottom row shows the change back to depression 3.
What Are the Factors of Bipolar Disorder Everyone goes through periods of depression, but most do not fall into severe depression. Psychologists believe that bipolar disorder is caused by biological and psychological factors, and are triggered by stressful events in life. Biological Factors. Bipolar disorder, as well as other depression illnesses, can be passed down. Hormone imbalance may cause bipolar disorder. An abnormally high lever of hydrocortisone, a hormone secreted by the adrenal gland to deal with stress, can influence the susceptibility to bipolar disorder 3.
The Term Paper on Adolescent Psychological Disorder: Depression
Depression is a common psychological disorder which is more likely to be experienced by young people. Although this psychological disorder could be manifested in all age range, studies show that individuals who are in their adolescence to early adulthood stage have greater tendency to feel depress (Costell, Swendsen & Rose, 173, 2008). This disorder is often accompanied by feelings of sadness, ...
Deficiencies in folic acid or the B vitamins also contribute to the cause of bipolar disorder 3. Psychological Factors. There are several psychological factors that influence bipolar disorder. Sigmund Freud believed that “a person’s unconscious anger over loss weakens the ego, resulting in self-hate and self-destructive behavior 3. This loss could be real, such as a death, or symbolic, like failure to meet a goal.
People with “depressive” personalities, someone who has a negative outlook on everything, is more likely to have a depression problem. What Forms of Treatment Are Available There is no known cure for bipolar disorder, but it is treatable. The success rate for treatment is eighty percent 1. There are two ways of treatment.
For best results, both methods should be used together. Counseling and Psychotherapy. Counseling, or talking over problems with a counselor, helps by allowing the release of withheld emotions and problems. A counselor may be able to help a person understand and solve problems. The Webster’s Dictionary defines psychotherapy as the process in which a “patient and psychiatrist work out the problems created by the disorder and reestablish healthy self-image.” Medication.
There are two types of medications used to control symptoms of bipolar disorder. Mood stabilizing medications are used to prevent mania and severe depression. They work by balancing the neurotransmitters, a substance that transmits nerve impulses, in the brain 1. Antidepressants are used to prevent depression by altering the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain 1. CONCLUSION What Are the Consequences of Non-Treatment There are several negative results of not treating bipolar disorder.
The following table shows the total number of people in a certain situation versus the number of people in each situation with an untreated depression disorder. The statistics used to create Table 2 are from the 1998 MacArthur Foundation Study. Bibliography References 1. APA Online. “Manic-Depressive/Bipolar Disorder.” 1992. 20 April 2000 2.
MacArthur Foundation. “Consequences of Non-Treatment.” 1998. 20 April 2000. 3.
The Term Paper on Childhoodonsetbipolar Disorder Bipolar Children Mood
Childhood-Onset Bipolar Disorder Childhood Onset Bipolar Disorder (COBPD) is one of the most debilitating mental disorders affecting children today. Bipolar Disorder is a mood disorder usually affecting adults that causes sometimes severe changes in mood. Childhood Onset Bipolar disorder is just what it sounds like, a bipolar disorder that occurs during childhood. Persons suffering from a bipolar ...
Microsoft Encarta. “Depression-Psychology.” 1999: CD-ROM. Microsoft. 4. Microsoft Encarta. “Kraepelin, Emil.” 1999.
CD-ROM. Microsoft. 5. National Institute of Mental Health. “Bipolar Disorder Research Fact Sheet.” 2000. 20 April 2000.
6. On Health. com. “Bipolar Disorder Glossary.” 1998. 20 April 2000. 7.
“Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary.” Springfield: Merriam-Webster Inc. Pr. ; 1984. Pgs 153, 723.
