Cartilage Serves as a cushion Ligament Dense, regular connective tissue/bone to bone Tendons Dense, regular connective tissue/ bone to muscle Osteocytes Separated by an extracellular matrix hardened by deposits of calcium salts Diaphysis Long shaft of compact bone Compact bone Solid and dense, found on the surface of the femur Central cavity
Yellow marrow Made up of fat Periosteum Tough membrane made up of dense irregular connective tissue covering the outer surface of the bone Epiphyses Enlarged ends Spongy bone Lattice-like, resembles a sponge. Found on the inside of the femur Red bone marrow Major site for blood cell production Articular cartilage Covers the epiphysis and helps to cushion joints Epiphyseal disc Layer of cartilage within the epiphysis. Site of bone elongation.
EXERCISE 1– Long bone structure
Identify the labeled parts of the long bone. A. Central cavity B. Compact bone C. Periosteum D. Yellow marrow E. Spongy bone containing red marrow F. Articular cartilage G. Epiphyseal disc H. Epiphyses I. diaphysis J. epiphyses
Which architectural form of bone tissue is harder per unit volume? Compact bone, much harder
The Essay on Bone Development Joints Bones Tissue
2 a) Functions of: skeleton: To provide support and protection of body parts. It acts as sites for muscle attachment, blood cell production, and calcium and phosphate storage. Cartilage: Serves as structural models for bones that replace them. It maintains the shape of the nose, outer ear, and other body parts. It also serves to cushion joints between adjacent bones of the vertebral column, limbs, ...
When comparing pieces of equal size, which from of bone tissue weighs less? Spongy bone
B. Microscopic Bone Structure
Define the following terms. Haversian canals Brings blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerve fibers from the periosteum into the bone tissue Lacunae Small chambers Canaliculi Forma transportation network through the hard bone matrix connecting the osteocytes to the nutrient supply in the blood Lamellae Separate the rings of osteocytes Haversian system The structural unit of compact bone
EXERCISE 2 – Haversian system
Identify the labeled parts of the Haversian system. A. Canaliculi B. Haversian canal C. Haversian system D. lucuna E. Osteocyte F. Lamellae G. Periosteum H. c Compact bone I. Spongy bone J.
Where are the living osteocytes found? lacunae
Haversian systems are continuously being broken down by the action of osteoclast cells and built up by action of osteoblast cells. What role might this play in bone fracture healing? The cells needed to break down the broken fragments and to make a new bone.
C. Joints
Define the following terms. Joint Junction between 2 bones Fibrous joints Bones connected my fibrous cartilage; connect the bones of the skull in adults Cartilaginous joints Bones with a disc of cartilage between them and held together by ligaments; joints between vertebrae Synovial joints Bones held together with ligaments where the joints are lined by a synovial membrane
EXERCISE 3 – Joints
Identify the types of joints on the articulated skeleton A. Fibrous B. Cartilaginous C. Synovial D. Cartilaginous E. synovial F.
