Chang Yu-i’s Struggle With Identity Are you are confused as to where you are going in life? Do you sometimes feel like you just do not know who you are, or who you want to be? Do not worry, this is not uncommon. In fact, according to psychoanalyst Erik Erickson (1902-1994), most young people ages fifteen to twenty years of age feel the same way. Erickson, a psychoanalytic theorist, took the human life cycle and categorized it into eight stages. One such stage would be identity versus role-confusion.
During this stage, adolescents begin to truly form who they are in life. They form their present off of the good and bad experiences of their past. Erickson believes that the stages in the life cycle apply to nearly everyone. It does not matter where or what era you are from. Take, for example, a character from Bound Feet & Western Dress by Pang-Mei Natasha Chang. Chang writes a dual memoir of her and her great-aunt’s lives.
In her novel, Chang tells the story of her great aunt, Chang Yu-i, growing up in a changing world. Even though Yu-i is born and raised in China during the early 1900 s, she still faces the conflicts of trying to find herself. The psycho social crisis called ‘identity versus role-confusion’ occurs mainly during adolescence, although it is not restricted to this period in life. It is usually the fifth stage in the life cycle, although it may overlap with the stages before and after it. Major circumstances can also later change the outcome of this stage.
The Essay on Meaning of Life and Australian Cultural Identity
“From separate catastrophes, two rural families flee to the city and find themselves sharing a great, breathing, shuddering joint called Cloudstreet, where they begin their lives again from scratch. For twenty years they roister and rankle, laugh and curse until the roof over their heads becomes a home for their hearts. ” (Winton, 1991) Tim Winton’s critically acclaimed novel, Cloudstreet is a ...
Throughout this stage, a person finds himself bringing together parts of his life and combining them to form who he wants to be in life. Outside factors, such as the community or family, tend to play an indirect, but important role in forming an identity. This is true in any culture, although family plays an even more significant role in a collectivist culture, such as Yu-i’s. Chang Yu-i grows up in a family of twelve children in a small county outside Shanghai, China. Born into changing times, the struggle for finding herself is perhaps even harder and more confusing than it would be for people born today.
Yu-i is born into a time when China is torn between holding on to the old traditions and adopting the ways of the western world. Throughout the early 1900 s, China was in political turmoil. China had to deal with the Boxer Rebellion, the revolution against the Manchu dynasty, World War I, the Warlord era, and much more. During this time of turmoil, the people of China did not know where to turn for help with their country’s problems: the past or the future. So, they did both.
The men marched forwards, expanding their education by learning not only traditional Confucianism, but also the modern knowledge of the western world. Women, however, stayed mostly in the past. Although there were some changes for the women of China, they were still expected to belong to their father, and then be passed onto their husband. Their job in life was to please their husband and family-in-law, and to bring sons in to the world.
So it was for most women, including Yu-i. The changes that did occur for the women were small but significant. One change that occurred was the decline of bound feet. Women were finally allowed to grow their feet out.
Once looked upon as a sign of beauty, bound feet, or lotus petals as they were called in China, were becoming less common. Yu-i was born into the time people had opposing views as to whether or not bound feet were still considered beautiful. When she was three, Yu-i’s mother and amah began to bind her feet. So terrible was the pain, that Yu-i cried and cried for days. Even when she knew it was bad for her reputation, she could not stop. Finally her sibling Second Brother went to their mother and told her to stop.
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Education is an important factor in a persons life now in the 21st century as well as it was in the past. The only differences between now and the past were the people that were able to receive a full education. In the present century, every one is entitled to the right to peruse an education. But in the past, men had the choice to receive a full education in a university, while women had the ...
Her mother did not want to hurt Yu-i, but felt that if Yu-i did not have beautiful bound feet, she would not find a suitable husband. Only when Second Brother promised to take care of Yu-i should she need to be taken care of did their mother relent. Though her mother relented, many people, especially the elders, thought that bound feet were still necessary to find a good husband. Although Yu-i was happy with her bound feet, many others had mixed feelings about them.
This added to the difficulty of finding herself as Yu-i grew up and tried to become her own person. Another change was the education of women. The education of women in China was viewed as unimportant. A woman’s job was to serve her husband, and she did not need to know the Confucian classics to do that. Growing up, Yu-i had a desire to learn, although she did not know where she got it from. “Of the four girls in the family, I was the one who cared the most about education, even from the very beginning.” (Chang, 56).
Though she was the only girl in her family who desired to learn, many other women of her generation also were starting to become educated. This was another change for China, and another sign showing how important the Western world was becoming. Although Yu-i could not say for certain where her love of education came from, she did believe that it had something to do with how much she respected her Second and Fourth Brothers, and they were both very well educated. Yu-i also seem to have a sense, even at a very young age, that things in China were beginning to shift. “I think my desire for education was due to the fact that I knew I that I had been born into changing times.” (Chang, 56).
Yu-i was allowed some education growing up.
At first she was allowed to sit in with her brothers during their lessons, and was taught by the tutor if he was not busy. Later on in her childhood, she convinced her parents to let her go to an academy where she could continue to study. Her education was something that was very important to her, and it was one of the things Yu-i held onto as she grew older and began to shape herself into the person she wanted to be. Yu-i, while learning who she was and trying to find who she wanted to become, found she also had to accept parts of her past she didn’t like, and realize that they also made up part of her. Although she was partially educated in the western ways, she still holds onto many of the Chinese traditions. Even though she may not agree with certain traditions, the fact that her family expects her to do certain things sways her decision on many choices.
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Blacks History in Education Struggle Today's black professional is sometimes an invisible man. But, as the employment market becomes more and more competitive, it is knowledge and not race that will determine ones success or failure in life. Nevertheless, it is suggested that many black professionals are not anxious to stand out: "I had no idea that we were poor" growing up, says E. Brown, a forty ...
For example, Yu-i’s family decides she will marry Hsu Chi-mo at age fifteen. Yu-i does not want to get married yet, but instead wants to continue her education at the Academy. However, she does not have a say in who or when she will marry. Because it is time for her to get married, her education is discontinued. She is pulled from her schooling before she is finished with it, neither her parents nor her in-laws feel that this is important.
Although the fact that her education was cut short is not something she is pleased with, it is still something she has to accept, and it still a part of who she is. It is a difficult and long process to find yourself. Erickson tells us that is is a natural stage in life to question who you are. Everyone goes through it, regardless of age, sex, race, or time. Take Chang Yu-i for example. She pulled good experiences in her life, such as having unbound feet and getting some education, and used them to help form who she was becoming But she also took the experiences she did not like, such as discontinuing her education as such a young age to get married, and accepted them as part of who she was.
She grew up strong, and eventually became her own person.
