Nagpur College of Pharmacy, Wanadongri, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Summary The National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, an extensive community survey, reported that the 6-month prevalence rates for mood disorders were 6% (the lifetime rate was 8.3%) while only 31% of depressed adults sought treatment. The reluctance of patients for treatment of depression can be attributed to some extent to the negativity associated with it at social level. This negativity can be partially assigned to the negative word ‘Depression’ used for this disorder. We therefore propose a change in the name of depression that can help reduce its negativity. A hypothesis explaining the different moods experienced by a normal person and assigning different name to depression has been proposed in the paper.ª 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Depression has been seen in all social classes, races and ethnic groups; it has been so pervasive that it has been called the ‘common cold of mental illness’ (1).
Various
names (or classifications) used to describe depressive disorders have included reactive,unipolar, psychotic and neurotic, exogenous and endogenous, agitated and retarded, primary and secondary, and involutional mel- ancholia (2).
Depressive disorders afflict atleast 20% of women and 12% of men at some time during their lives (3).
The Essay on Major Depression Disorder
The scenario I have chosen to write about is the case of Sylvia. She is a patient of major depression disorder. Symptoms clearly show she is struggling with major depression disorder. The five dominant theories of psychology to further understand the case of Sylvia are the cognitive theory, behavioral theory, humanistic theory, personality theory and social dominance theory. Cognitive theory of ...
The National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologi Catchment Area (ECA) study, an extensive community survey, reported that the 6-month prevalence rates for mood disorders were 6% (the lifetime rate was 8.3%) while only 31% of depressed adults sought treatment (4).
The reluctance of patients for treatment of depres -sion can be attributed to some extent to the negativity associated with it at social level. This negativity can be partially assigned to the negative word ‘Depression’ used for this disorder. Moreover, the need of the patient is optimistic approach, acceptance by the society and healthy feeling. Where on one hand positive approach is greatly desired there on other hand the word ‘Depres-sion’ further aggravates the patient’s state of mind. We therefore propose a change in the name of depression that can help reduce its negativity.
HYPOTHESIS
Mood can be defined as a prolonged emotion that colors the person’s whole psychological state (5).
We have categorized the human mood into three types:
1. Mood A1 – Negative mood.
2. Mood A2 – Positive mood.
3. Mood A0 – Neutral mood.
Depending on the negative, positive and neutral as- pects associated with emotions, we have categorized them into three types.
Emotion A1
Emotion A1 are the emotions that arise due to some happening(s) in the life of a person, recollection of past 897 Medical Hypotheses (2003) 60(6), 897–899 ª 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/S0306-9877(03)00073-2
Received 16 September 2002
Accepted 11 November 2002
Correspondence to: E.K. Kalra M.Pharm (Quality Assurance), Present address: 302, Krishna Kunj, Gurunanakpura, Nagpur 440017, Maharashtra, India. Phone: +91-0712-64-6270;
E-mail: [email protected](s) or by mere imagination or thought(s) re-
sulting in the feeling of sadness and experience of Mood A1:
The time period a person remains in Mood A1 is gov- erned by the intensity of Emotion A1, future emotion (whether Emotion A0 or Emotion A2), the mood experi- enced prior to Mood A1 (whether Mood A0 or Mood A2), geneticmake-up of the person and environmental factors.
The Essay on Germany experienced a period of political calm
The Stresemann years of 1924-29 have often been portrayed as the “golden years” of Weimar Germany; however this idea has been challenged my many historians. During this period there was an element of political calm but it was mainly typified by political inaction and a failure of coalition governments to agree on any important issues. Economic development did occur but was minimal, and the period ...
If a person experiences a dominant Emotion A1 for a period of 2 weeks or more and meets the criteria for Manic Episodes or Mixed Episodes as proposed in DSM IV then he can be assigned as being in ‘Mood A1-at- length’ (called as unipolar depression).
Emotion A2
Emotion A2 are the emotions that arise due to some hap- pening(s) in the life of a person, recollection of past hap- pening(s) or by mere imagination or thought(s) resulting in the feeling of happiness and experience of Mood A2.
The time period a person remains in Mood A2 is governed by the intensity and duration of Emotion A2, the future emotion (whether Emotion A0 or Emotion A1)
and the mood experienced prior to Mood A2 (whether Mood A0 or Mood A1), genetic make-up of the person and environmental factors.
If a person experiences extremes in Mood A1 and Mood A2 for a period of two weeks or more and meets the criteria of Major Depressive Episode as proposed in DSM IV then he can be assigned as being in Bipolar Mood (Manic Depression).
Emotion A0
When an individual attains a balance between Emotion A1 and Emotion A2, he exists in Mood A0. The time period a person remains in Mood A0 without interven- tion of Emotion A1 and Emotion A2, best reflects his mental health.
The point of contemplation is that the predominance of a person to a mood is not governed solely by the happenings; the reaction of the person to these hap- penings plays a more important role in deciding the type of mood he will experience. For example: the happen- ings in life may be negative and may still lead to Mood A0 and not to the expected Mood A1.
Though the amount of time spent by an individual in different moods differs, every person experiences each of the three moods at least once in his or her lifetime.
With consideration of the aforementioned points we propose the following cycle of moods experienced by a normal person (Fig. 1).
Conclusion
Human mood can be classified on the basis of type of emotions (whether positive, negative or neutral) associ- ated with it. This classification helps us assign a different name to unipolar depression, i.e., ‘Mood A1-at-length’ and bipolar depression, i.e., ‘Bipolar Mood’. This change in name of depression can certainly help reduce its negativity at social level.
The Essay on Depression Disorder Individuals Hockenbury
In today's society, we are faced with or placed in many unpredictable and stressful situations. However, many of us manage to properly analyze the situations and maintain our sanity, experiencing only a mild form of depression, if any. Others may encounter similar situations and become mentally depressed. Some reasons for being depressed are normal, such as, a death of a family member, parents ...
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55(9(suppl. A)): 25–31. Fig. 1 Cyclic nature of different moods. 898 Kalra
Medical Hypotheses (2003) 60(6), 897–899 ª 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.3. Akiskal H. S. Mood disorders: introduction and overview, 7th Edn B. J. Sadock, V. A. Sadock (eds).
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ª 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Medical Hypotheses (2003) 60(6), 897–899
