Disrespect was a major cultural difference. From the beginning of the relationship between Native and European Americans, the European Americans(Europeans) repeatedly dishonored the treaties which they agreed to uphold. Usually, they established the same treaties they betrayed, such as the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851); which eventually led to the tragic massacre of the Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek.[1] “The Treaty set forth traditional territorial claims of the tribes as between themselves.” [2] Greedy and eager to completely disregard the Treaty of Fort Laramie and head west due to the discovery of gold in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, the Pikes Peak Gold Rush resulted in masses of European Americans emigrating west across Cheyenne and Arapho lands.[1] Suddenly, these lands previously deemed useless to the federal government and rightfully owned by the Natives were subject to the Europeans avarice. This resulted in competition over resources, and unlawful settling in Native territories.[1]
Instead of upholding the treaty the Federal Government agreed to just a decade before, which might I add they altered just before it was ratified to 10 years of a $50,000 annuity instead of the originally promised 50 years [2], and enforcing a removal of the intruders, on “Feb. 18, 1861 the signing of the treaty of Fort Wise ceded most of the lands designated to them(the Indians) by the Fort Laramie treaty.”[1] This injustice reduced the size of the reservation to one thirteenth its original size.[1] Furthermore, the original commodities established by the previous Fort Laramie treaty would go unfulfilled.
The Essay on Member States Treaty European Economic
Discuss the main treaties of Europe and their contribution to the development of the E. U. The European Community (EC) was established by Robert Schuman, a French minister, and Jean Monnet the man responsible for rebuilding the French economy after the Second World War. They believed that Germany should be given help to rebuild but only if they agreed to join an organisation of European states so ...
Some Indians recognized these injustices and disavowed the new treaty, remaining in their bison-rich lands.[1] They were angry and believed the chiefs were tricked into signing away their land and that the cheifs were only representing a portion of the tribe.[1] The Europeans arrogance allowed them to overlook these injustices and take the position that Indians who refused the treaty were hostile and treacherous. It wasn’t long before the infamous Colonel John Milton Chivington, drunk and a racist scoundrel to begin with, used this new position to his advantage and ordered an attack on the unsuspecting innocents at Sand Creek.[1] “Two officers, Captain Silas Soule and Lieutenant Joseph Cramer, commanding companies D and K, respectively, of the First Colorado Cavalry, refused to follow Chivington’s order and told their men to hold fire.[16] Other soldiers in Chivington’s force, however, immediately attacked the village.
Disregarding the American flag, and a white flag that was run up shortly after the soldiers commenced firing, Chivington’s soldiers massacred many of its inhabitants.”[1] “a 700-man force of Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a village of friendly Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped in southeastern Colorado Territory,[2] killing and mutilating an estimated 70–163 Indians, about two-thirds of whom were women and children”[1] I saw the bodies of those lying there cut all to pieces, worse mutilated than any I ever saw before; the women cut all to pieces … With knives; scalped; their brains knocked out; children two or three months old; all ages lying there, from sucking infants up to warriors … By whom were they mutilated? By the United States troops …| ”| | John S. Smith, Congressional Testimony of Mr. John S. Smith, 1865
Fueled by avarice, the evil Europeans took great advantage of the Natives, and unfortunately most resistance or retaliation was futile. This great injustice was never avenged and most of the criminals guilty of these unforgivable crimes were never convicted.
References
[1] – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_Creek_massacre
[2] – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Laramie_(1851)
The Essay on The Cherokee Nation Is The Second Largest Indian Tribe In part 1
The Cherokee Nation is the second largest Indian tribe in the United States. There are more than 200,000 members. Almost 70,000 of these Cherokees live in the 7,000 square mile area of the Cherokee Nation which is not considered a reservation, but a jurisdictional service area that includes all of the eight counties and portions of six in northeastern Oklahoma. The big question is how and why they ...
