A condenser: during distillation the vapour passes through a tube that is cooled by water Fractional distillation: The process used to separate a mixture of several liquids, based on their different boiling points Aerobic respiration: chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars).
Also known as oxidative metabolism, cell respiration, or aerobic metabolism Anaerobic reparation: form of respiration in which energy is released from chemical reactions in which free oxygen takes no part Equation for combustion of an alcohol: R-OH (l) + O 2 (g) — > CO 2 (g) + H 2 O (l) Fermentation: In its strictest sense fermentation (scientifically called zymosis) is the energy-yielding anaerobic metabolic breakdown of a nutrient molecule, such as glucose, without net oxidation. Fermentation yields lactate, acetic acid, ethanol, or some other simple product. Cell membrane: The outer boundary of the cell.
The cell membrane helps control what substances enter or exit the cell Endoplasmic reticulum: network of membranous tubules in the cytoplasm of a cell; involved in the production of phospholipids, proteins, and other functions. Rough ER is studded with ribosomes; smooth ER is not. Golgi apparatus: An organelle in eukaryotic cells containing cells consisting of stacks of membranes that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes: Small cellular components composed of specialized ribosomal RNA and protein; site of protein synthesis. See ribonucleic acid Centriole: Paired cellular organelle which functions in the organization of the mitotic spindle during cell division in eukaryotes Mitochondria: The mitochondria are the principal energy source of the cell.
The Essay on How Is a Cell’s Membrane Suited to Its Functions?
Each phospholipid is composed of a non-polar (hydrophobic) region of two fatty acids pointing inwards and a polar (hydrophilic) phosphorylated alcohol head region pointing outwards on the exterior of the membrane. Connecting the phosphorylated alcohol and both fatty acids is a 3-carbon compound called glycerol. Since there is both a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic region of each phospholipid, then ...
Mitochondria convert nutrients into energy as well as doing many other specialized tasks Cytoplasm: the cellular substance outside the nucleus in which the cell’s organelles are suspended Nucleus: the nucleus is an organelle, found in most eukaryotic cells, which contains most of the cell’s genetic material. Nuclei have two primary functions: to control chemical reactions within the cytoplasm and to store information needed for cellular division Vacuoles: A membrane-enclosed sac taking up most of the interior of a mature plant cell and containing a variety of substances important in plant reproduction, growth, and development Chloroplasts: Disk-like organelles with a double membrane found in eukaryotic plant cells; contain and are the site of photosynthesis. ATP is generated during photosynthesis by chemosmosis. Cell wall Structure produced by some cells outside their cell membrane; variously composed of chitin, , or cellulose.
Organelle: specialized subcellular structure having a special function; eg mitochondria. 23/46 chromosomes: Egg and sperm cells contain 23 chromosomes, made up of 22 autosomes and either an X or a Y. When the egg and sperm join at conception, the baby will have 46 chromosomes in its cells, just like the parents Gene: the basic unit of heredity; a sequence of DNA nucleotides on a chromosome Genetic engineering: The artificial introduction of changes to the genes in a cell Chemical found in genes passed to next generation Chromosomes: Separate strands of genes, contained in the nucleus of a cell. Normally, chromosomes appear in corresponding pairs. A genome is made up of a complete set of paired chromosomes. Mitosis: the process of cell replication by division.
The Term Paper on The Different Types of Cells
... thin membrane. The nucleus contains the genetic material which directs the cells function. The cytoplasm includes specialized structures called cytoplasmic organelles that are suspended ... pores to the cytoplasm. Chromatin Consists of the cell's 46 chromosomes each of which contains DNA wound around many proteins (like a very ...
Meiosis: The process of two consecutive cell divisions in the diploid progenitors of sex cells. Meiosis results in four rather than two daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes DNA structure: The structure of DNA is illustrated by a right handed double helix, with about 10 nucleotide pairs per helical turn. Each spiral strand, composed of a sugar phosphate backbone and attached bases, is connected to a complementary strand by hydrogen bonding (non- covalent) between paired bases, adenine (A) with thymine (T) and guanine (G) with cytosine (C).
DNA: DNA carries the instructions for making all the structures and materials the body needs to function..
