For generations, the Apaches resisted white colonization of their homeland in the Southwest (presently New Mexico and Arizona) by both Spaniards and North Americans. In 1848, when gold was discovered in California, the Apache were threatened by the incursions of white fortune-seekers. In an incident at a mining camp, Mangas Coloradas, chief of the Mimbreo Chiricahua, was whipped, an act that resulted in his life-long enmity against white men. Though his nephew Cochise had long resisted fighting Americans, in 1861 he too was betrayed by white men and turned against them. Together, Mangas Coloradas and Cochise ravaged much southern New Mexico and Arizona, until Mangas was wounded in 1862, captured and killed in January 1863, allegedly while trying to escape from, Fort McLane, New Mexico. Upon the death of his uncle, Cochise became principal chief of the Apaches.
Cochise worked as a woodcutter at the Apache Pass stagecoach station of the Butterfield Overland line until 1861, when a raiding party drove off cattle belonging to a white rancher and abducted the child of a ranch hand. An inexperienced Army officer, Lt. George Bascom, arrived and ordered Cochise and five other chiefs to appear for questioning. When the Apaches denied their guilt, Bascom had the Indians seized and arrested. Soldiers killed one on the spot, but Cochise escaped by cutting through the side of a tent, while suffering three bullets wounds (How did he get the three bullets in his body?).
After Cochise abducted a number of whites to exchange for his captive relatives, Bascom hung 6 Apaches and Cochise laid plans to avenge the death of his friends. In the following year warfare of his Apache bands was so fierce that troops, settlers and traders all withdrew from the region.
The Term Paper on Militarization Of The Us Mexico Broder
Militarization of the U.S. Mexico Border Corranle, all viene la migra!, translated into English, this means Run, there comes immigration! This is what illegal immigrants shout everyday when they are about to cross the Rio Grande in search for better lives. Unfortunately, not many get through alive because of the militarization that has developed on the U.S. border with Mexico. Operation Rio Grande ...
And upon the recall of army forces to fight in the U.S. Civil War in 1861, Arizona was practically abandoned to the Apaches. In 1862, however, an army of 3,000 California volunteers under Gen. James Carleton marched to Apache Pass to prevent Confederate attacks and putt the Apaches to flight with their howitzers. But Cochise and 200 followers eluded capture for more than 10 years by hiding out in the Dragoon Mountains of Arizona, from which they continued their raids, always fading back into their mountain strongholds. In 1871, command of the Department of Arizona was assumed by Gen. George Crook, who succeeded in winning the allegiance of a number of Apaches as scouts and bringing many others onto reservations. Cochise surrendered in September, but, resisting the transfer of his people to the Tularosa Reservation in New Mexico, escaped in the spring of 1872. He surrendered again when the Chiricahua Reservation was established that summer, and there he died June 8, 1874.
Today, the southeasternmost county of Arizona bears his name; it includes Tombstone, Douglas, and Bisbee, the county seat. Geronimo, a Bedonkohe Apache leader of the Chiricahua Apache, led his people’s defense of their homeland against the U.S. military of the U.S. after the death of Cochise. In 1874, some 4,000 Apaches were forcibly moved by U.S. authorities to a reservation at San Carlos, a barren wasteland in east-central Arizona. Deprived of traditional tribal rights, short on rations and homesick, they turned to Geronimo and others who led them in the depredations that plunged the region into turmoil and bloodshed. In the early 1870s, Lieutenant Colonel George F.
Crook, commander of the Department of Arizona, had succeeded in establishing relative peace in the territory. The management of his successors, however, was disastrous, and spurred by Geronimo, hundreds of Apaches left the reservation to resume their war against the whites. In 1882, Crook was recalled to Arizona to conduct a campaign against the Indians. Geronimo surrendered in January 1884, but took flight from the San Carlos reservation in May 1885, accompanied by 35 men, 8 boys and 101 women. Crook, along with scouts Tom Horn and Mickey Free (the white child Cochise was falsely accused of abducting) set out in pursuit, and 10 months later, on March 27, 1886, Geronimo surrendered at Can de Los Embudos in Sonora, Mexico. Near the border, however, fearing that they would be murdered once they crossed into U.S. territory, Geronimo and a small band bolted.
The Essay on Geronimo Apache Reservation Life
... to be shipped east, he decided to surrender. From that point, Geronimo was moved from reservation to reservation until he reached Fort Sill, Oklahoma, ... No-doy ohn Canyon, Arizona, in the year of 1829, as the grandson of an Ne dni Apache chief. This Position was ... 1881, Geronimo and his people finally gave up and agreed to move to a reservation at the hands of General George Crook a. ...
As a result, Brigadier General Nelson A. Miles replaced Crook as commander on April 2. During this final campaign, at least 5,000 white soldiers and 500 Indian auxiliaries were employed at various times in the capture of Geronimo’s small band. Five months and 1,645 miles later, Geronimo was tracked to his camp in the Sonora mountains. At a conference on Sept. 3, 1886, at Skeleton Canyon in Arizona, Miles induced Geronimo to surrender once again, promising him that, after an indefinite exile in Florida, he and his followers would be permitted to return to Arizona.
The promise was never kept. Geronimo and his fellow prisoners were put to hard labor, and it was May 1887 before he saw his family. Moved to Fort Sill in the Oklahoma Territory in 1894, he at first attempted to “take the white man’s road.” He farmed and joined the Dutch Reformed Church, which expelled him because of his inability to resist gambling. He never saw Arizona again, but, by special permission of the War Department, he was allowed to sell photographs of himself and his handiwork at expositions. Before he died at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, Feb. 17, 1909, he dictated to S.S. Barrett his autobiography, “Geronimo: His Own Story.”
