A molecule with covalent bond o Formula unit with ionic bond * Molecules: formed by covalent bonds * Lattice energy is the energy released in the formation of an ionic compound. The formation of an IONIC BOND is the result of the transfer of one or more electrons from a metal onto a non-metal. Characteristics of both bonds: * Occur between 2 atoms * Composed of 2 electrons * Have both ionic and covalent characteristics * Together = 100% Both bonds are measured on an electronegativity scale *
Both contain a nonmetal * Chemical bonds * Are determined by using the “magic number” (1. 67) * Have bond angle and bond axis Characteristics of metallic bonds: * In metals (d-block electrons only.. because of shape and prop. ) * They’re delocalized (no electron ‘belongs’ to any one atom) * Known as the “sea of elements” because they’re floating around * Atomic radius determines how close atoms can get Hydrogen bonding: * Dipole-Dipole attraction Occurs between H atoms (positive charge) and highly electronegative atoms (negative charge) such as O, N, F * ? = lowercase delta (+/-) * hydrogen reacts with a lone pair * Transient bond (temporary) *
H has a high boiling point * Ice has crystalline structure * Water molecule is bent: 107. 5° angle * Adhesion: between molecules and surface * Cohesion: between molecule and molecule * Intermolecular: forces between molecules which hold two or more of them together. (ex. between hydrogen and oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or fluorine) Intramolecular: forces happen inside the molecule and are the forces holding the atom together which form the molecule. (ex. Ionic and covalent bonds) * Dipole-Dipole forces: Polar covalent molecules are sometimes described as “dipoles”, meaning that the molecule has two “poles”. One end (pole) of the molecule has a partial positive charge while the other end has a partial negative charge. * Potable: water that is drinkable *
The Essay on Covalent Bond Atoms Groups Molecules
Bio-molecules are built by assembling atoms, by virtue of covalent bonds. The most collective elements that can be discovered in bio molecules are the CHOPS element, which stands for the basic abbreviation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. Each one of these elements has a specific valence. A valence resolves the number from the covalent bonds it can be able to form. Presuming ...
Choler: bacterial infection causes dysentery Shapes: * 2 bonding, 1 lone pair: Bent 3 bonding, 0 lone pairs: Trigonal Planar * 2 bonding, 0 lone pairs: Linear * 4 bonding, 0 lone pair: Tetrahedral * 4 bonding, 2 lone pairs: Square Planar * 5 bonding, 0 lone pairs: Trigonal Bipyramidal * 3 bonding, 1 lone pair: Trigonal Pyramidal * 6 bonding, 0 lone pairs: Octahedral * 5 bonding, 1 lone pair: Square Pyramidal * Electrons determine the shape (electron configuration) because the electrons pull away from each other * A carbon is in the middle of a tetrahedral * # of atoms: * 2-linear * 3-linear/bent * 4-Trigonal planar
