Cologne
Cologne is Germany`s fourth largest city after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich, and has over TEN million citizens living in there.
It Is one of the oldest cities in Germany, having been founded by the UBII in the year 38 B.C. The name is diverted from that of the Roman settlement called : Colona Claudia Ara Agrippinesium.
Cologne is located on both sides of the Rhine River. The cities famous Cologne Cathedral is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Cologne. The University of Cologne is one of Europe’s oldest universities.
Cologne is a major cultural centre of the Rhineland and has a vibrant arts scene. Cologne is home to more than 30 museums and hundreds of galleries. Exhibitions range from local ancient Roman archeological sites to contemporary graphics and sculpture
Within Germany, Cologne is known as an important media center. Several radio and television stations, including Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR), RTL and VOX, have their headquarters in the city. Both Pro7 and Sat.1 produce TV shows in Cologne as well. Further, the city hosts the Cologne Comedy Festival, which is considered to be the largest comedy festival in mainland Europe
Cologne is Also one of the warmest cities in Germany. It has a temperate–oceanic climate with relatively mild winters and warm summers. Its average annual temperature is 10 °C : 14.5 °C during the day and 5.5 °C at night.
Cologne is regularly affected by flooding from the Rhine and is considered the most flood-prone European city. A city agency manages an extensive flood control system which includes both permanent and mobile flood walls, protection from rising waters for buildings close to the river banks, monitoring and forecasting systems, pumping stations and programs to create or protect floodplains and river embankments. The system was redesigned after a 1993 flood which resulted in heavy damages.
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Cologne carnival is one of the biggest street festivals in Europe. In Cologne, the carnival season officially starts on 11 November at 11 minutes past 11 a.m. with the proclamation of the new Carnival Season, and continues until Ash Wednesday. But the so-called “Tolle Tage” (great days) don’t start until Weiberfastnacht (Women’s Carnival) or, in dialect, Wieverfastelovend (Thursday before Ash Wednesday), which is the beginning of the street carnival. Hundreds of thousands of visitors flock to Cologne during this time. Generally, around a million people are celebrating in the streets on the Thursday before Ash Wednesday. Every year there are 3 people who are granted the titles of Jungfrau, Prinz, and Bauer (virgin, prince and farmer), who pay a large sum of money for their privileges. The carnival prince is deemed to be the highest representative of the festivities, leading the main parades throughout the week. Traditionally, the Jungfrau (Virgin) is always portrayed by a man dressed as a female.
As an entity, the trio has existed since 1883. In earlier times these were individual characters, but all three entered the Cologne carnival in the 1820s.
A 2006 FIFA World Cup venue, the RheinEnergieStadion, hosts the city’s football team 1. FC Köln which competes in the Bundesliga. From 2004 to 2007, it also hosted the American football Cologne Centurions who played in the 2007 defunct NFL Europa.
The city is also home of the ice hockey team Kölner Haie (Cologne Sharks), in the highest ice hockey league in Germany, the DEL. They are based at the Lanxess Arena.
Several horse races per year are held at Cologne-Weidenpesch Racecourse since 1897, the annual Cologne Marathon was started in 1997. From 2002-2009, the Panasonic Toyota Racing Formula One team was based in the Marsdorf suburb, at the Toyota Motorsport GmbH facility.
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As the largest city in the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, Cologne takes benefit from a large market structure. In competition for location factors with Düsseldorf, the economy of Cologne is primarily based on insurance and media industries, while the city is also an important cultural and research centre and home to a number of corporate headquarters.
Among the largest media companies based in Cologne are Westdeutscher Rundfunk, RTL Television, Deutschlandradio, Brainpool TV and publishing houses like J. P. Bachem, Taschen, Tandem Verlag and M. DuMont Schauberg. Several clusters of media, arts and communications agencies, TV production studios, and state agencies work partly with private and government funded cultural instititutions. Among the insurance companies based in Cologne are Central, DEVK, DKV, Generali Deutschland, Gothaer, HDI Gerling and national headquarters of AXA Insurance and Zurich Financial Services.
Lufthansa, the German flag carrier, and Lufthansa CityLine have their main corporate headquarters in Cologne. Largest employer in Cologne is Ford Europe, which has its European headquarters and a factory in Niehl Toyota Motorsport GmbH (TMG), Toyota’s official motorsports team, responsible for Toyota rally cars, and then Formula One cars has headquarters and workshops in Cologne. Other large companies based in Cologne include the REWE Group, TÜV Rheinland, Deutz AG and a number of Kölsch breweries. The three largest breweries are Reissdorf, Gaffel and Früh.
Facts about Cologne
The start of building of Cologne Cathedral was in 1248, abandoned in the mid-1500s, and finished in 1880. That took 632 years
During the 19th and 20th century, Cologne incorporated numerous surrounding towns, so that it had a population of 600,000 inhabitants by the time of World War 1.
In World War 2, it was repeatedly bombed. The Cologne Cathedral received 14 hits by aerial bombs, but luckily didn’t collapse. When the city was in ruins it took some time to rebuild it, but afterwards its buildings and population grew again. So since 1975, the population of Cologne Germany always lays around 1 million inhabitants.
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The tides, on which heavy ice floes floated, devastated far parts of the development of the banks and all ships. 65 people died. The district Mülheim on the right Rhine side was completely destroyed.
In more recent time, a flood protection concept plans the establishment of sheet pile walls. That should protect old town up to a level of 10 meters against inundations. Still, old town consists of a magnet for floods.
