According to the American Cancer Society (2012), African American men who are diagnosed with prostate cancer are more likely to die than any other race or ethnicity. Prostate cancer ranks fifth in overall cause of death among African American men aged 45 and over. From 2009-2011, 42. 5 per 100,000 African American men died from prostate cancer in Florida. Studies show that this disproportion is due to African American men not being screened in the early stages of the disease and delaying treatment in the later stages of disease progression (Carter, Tippett, Anderson, Tameru, 2010).
It is estimated that over 230,000 men will be diagnosed with and over twenty nine thousand men will die of prostate cancer in the year 2013 (American Cancer Society, 2012).
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among men, with the exception of lung cancer. Among African American men, disparity in incidence has been attributed to lack of access to healthcare screening, decreased awareness of cancer symptoms, and various environmental and biological factors (Rivers, Underwood, Jones, 2009).
Among 4,782 groups of men, only 37. percent report use of available cancer screenings and only 14 percent reported a high level knowledge among prostate cancer. African American men experience a higher mortality rate than white men, and this may be attributed to the fact that they present with more advanced stages of the disease and thus worsens the outcome of survival rates. This paper attempts to identify the cause and incidence of prostate cancer among African American men in Orange County, FL and facilitate an increase in prostate cancer awareness early in the disease. Why is this diagnosis a health problem for this target group?
The Essay on Native American Vs African American Trickster Tales
Beep BeepVRRROOOOMMMMand the Roadrunner speeds away from the deceitful Coyote as Coyote falls over a Cliff with his Acme dynamite still in hand. The tale of the trickster is known and shared all around the world. It is an age old story that has many different versions and is culturally diverse. Almost every culture has some version of the trickster tale; from the early West African people and ...
Prostate cancer is responsive to early detection, and more than 75% of prostate cancer cases are diagnosed when the disease is locally confined and curable. “The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found that although early detection and treatment might prevent some prostate cancers from spreading, screening is also likely to detect other cancers that would have grown slowly and not caused health problems” (McBride, 2009).
Although routine screening for prostate cancer is a contentious issue, prostate cancer screening offers the only possibility of early detection for individuals at high risk.
African American men have the highest prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates worldwide, but have lower screening rates compared with Caucasian men. Risk factors such as age and genetic factors play host to disease progression and warrants an even closer look to the availability of healthcare screening for prostate cancer. Studies show that having a brother or father increases the risk of prostate cancer by two fold, with the risk even higher for a biological brother with history of the disease (America Cancer Society, 2012).
Prostate cancer risks rises rapidly after age 50, with almost 2 out of 3 prostate cancers found in men over the age of 65. African Americans have also shown the detection of prostate cancer at an earlier age, younger than 45, a factor that is associated with more aggressive disease and poorer treatment outcomes (Baker, 2008).
Healthcare screening access, lack of knowledge, and cultural attitudes regarding cancer seems to be factors associated with the discrepancy in prostate cancer incidence among racial groups.
In one study, fear of prostate cancer was the main culprit of African American individuals delaying their prostate screening (Baker, 2008).
The Essay on Prostate Cancer 4
... this disease. Moreover, African American men over 60 years old are more prone to having prostate cancer. Men who are ... to yearly screenings, especially after they are 60 years old.Prostate cancer is a very common disease.(Prostate Cancer) Prostate cancer usually progresses ... from spreading. Medical researchers are studying new methods of detection such as genetic screening, as well as a number ...
What are the current nursing interventions for this problem? What interventions have been successful and what interventions have NOT been successful? A study conducted by Arras, Boyd, Gaehle, (2009) using a one hour video on prostate cancer risks and screening, showed only 12 % of participants gained knowledge from the video using a 19-item post test questionnaire.
One of the biggest challenges facing African American men is the lack of underrepresentation in research and clinical trials. A study done in Virginia showed that word of mouth and social networking were found to be an important recruitment strategy in enrolling a population that has been to be challenging to recruit for research (Jones, Steeves, Williams, 2009).
A study conducted by Friedman (2012) found that focus groups along with an open-ended questionnaire, resulted in 69% of the participants to participate in phase two of the project.
In another study, subjects were given a one hour church based educational seminar delivered through an African American health educator and awareness scores increased from 26% to 73% after the session (Holt, 2009).
A fourth study in which test subject were given a letter to come to the clinic for prostate screening, and the control group was given print material and telephone contact show that on review, the group that received the “two-step” intervention was more compliant with adherence to screening (Reynolds, 2008).
Plan
Title: Elevating Prostate Cancer Awareness among African American Men in Orange County The target audience for this plan is Orange County African American men age 45 and older. Short Term: The prospective participants will voluntarily sign up for focus group program at local community events such as churches, physician offices, events, etc. Three Measureable, Time Specific Learner Objectives: 1. At the end of the three-day program, participants will verbalize importance of prostate screening and its associated benefits. 2. At the end of the three-day program, participants will name 3 risk factors of prostate ancer 3. At the end of the three-day program, participants will be able to verbalize benefits of early treatment and prognosis if diagnosed. This plan seeks to educate this target population to promote prostate cancer screening among a high-risk group through knowledge base, discussions, focus groups, and audio-visual methods there by increase the proportion of African American men to undergo prostate screening. The three-day program taught by student nurses will include teaching on benefits of early detection, importance of prostate screening, risk facts, associated symptoms, PSA test, and prognosis.
The Term Paper on African American Korean American Conflict
“So they watch every damn move that I make. They hope I don’t pull out a Gat, try to rob… ” so goes the words to a rap song by a famous Black American musician as portrayed by Anthony choe (www. hcs. harvard. edu). These lines are a clear representation of the enormity of the ever-escalating ethnic tensions between the African American-Korean American. The universal declaration on human ...
Each session will be of one-hour duration with 20 participants in each focus group. The three-day program will be repeated weekly over the course of a month, for a total of 80 men educated in a month’s time. To gain the trust of our population, African American student nurses will teach the program. The education program will be a church based session, in hopes to promote familiarity and confidence. Participants will receive a $15 incentive gift card upon completion of the educational program and transportation will be offered through local church services as a complimentary.
