Many living organisms in the Earth can continue because of the process of producing individuals called reproduction. Both mitosis and meiosis which are nuclear division in mitotic and meiotic cell division respectively play important roles in reproduction. In this essay, the processes of mitosis and meiosis are going to be compared, and the roles and significance of these two processes in the life of flowering plants and mammals are going to be discussed.
Both mitosis and meiosis involve the passing of genetic information from parent cells to daughter cells, which the genetic information is carried in chromosomes in the nuclei of cells. A chromosome is formed by each DNA molecules coiling around some histone (special proteins).
Before mitosis and meiosis, chromosomes duplicate. However, mitosis only has four stages while meiosis has eight stages. The four stages of mitosis are similar to the first four stages of meiosis that are called prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The pairing up of homologous chromosomes only occurs in meiosis, but not in mitosis. After that, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, then separate and are moved to two sides of the cell by spindle fibre. While mitosis forms two diploid (2n) daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell after the four stages; meiosis still has four stages which are similar to the previous four stages, and finally produces four haploid (n) daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell.
The Essay on Cells. Mitosis. DNA
Instructions: Read chapter 3 in your textbook and review the lecture notes and study resources provided by your instructor. Type your answer in the answer block provided for each question. Answer blocks should expand as you type. If you experience difficulty typing in the provided answer blocks, you may type your answers in a new document. Save a copy of the completed activity to your computer for ...
For mitosis, it occurs in simple organisms (e.g. bacteria) to produce offspring which this process is called asexual reproduction. Also, it takes place in somatic cells (in body), and is involved in providing new cells for the growth of multicellular organisms, replacement of worn-out or damaged cells (e.g. skin cells and blood cells).
For meiosis, it forms haploid gametes in gamete-producing cells in sex organs (e.g. testes and ovaries in
animals, ovaries in plants) for sexual reproduction. Moreover, it provides genetic variations among daughter cells to increase the chance for the species to survive when environmental conditions change.
As for the life of flowering plants and mammals, it is a must that mitosis and meiosis are required in their reproduction. In flowering plants, their reproduction can be asexual or sexual. For asexual reproduction in flowering plants that requires mitosis, vegetative propagation is a common method which the vegetative parts of flowering plants develop into a lot of food stored. Asexual reproduction can occur by artificial vegetative propagation too, such as ‘cutting’. For sexual reproduction in flowering plants that requires meiosis, gametes are formed in sex organ, like ovary producing ovules and anther producing pollen grains containing male gametes. Pollen grains of a plant specie are transferred to ovaries of the same specie leading to fertilization through pollination, such as insect-pollination, wind-pollination and so on. Besides, in mammals, only sexual reproduction would occur. Through sexual intercourse between male and female, an ovum (female sex cell) produced form ovary and a sperm (male sex cell) produced from testes might combine to form a zygote. This process is called fertilization. The zygote will undergo mitosis repeatedly to form embryo(s), and finally become foetus(es).
The Essay on Animal Cell Cells Plant Organelles
Introduction: The Cell, the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms, such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa, others, such as nerve, liver, and muscle cells, are specialized components of multicellular organisms. In another words, without cells we wouldn't be able to live or function correctly. There are Animal Cells and Plant Cells. In Biology ...
Even though asexual and sexual reproduction have their own advantages and disadvantages, mitosis and meiosis both are central in species’ continuation on the Earth including the flowering plants and mammals.
To conclude, mitosis and meiosis are really vital to any living organisms, and none can be excluded, as they can produce individuals to last species on the Earth.
