Art As A Reflection Of Anciant Civilization Art As A Reflection Of Anciant Civilization Art as Reflection of Anciant Civilization Ancient Egyptian and Greek societies both made significant contributions to western civilization, specifically in the areas of politics and social structure. The political system of ancient Egypt was primarily based on the religion belife that the Pharoah was a divine entity, while Greek politics were based in a democratic system that valued individuals in a unique way. The political and social advancements of both Greek and Egyption civilizations are best reflected in the advancement of each cultures artwork. In the early kingdom of the Egyption civilization the Pharoah rolled as a God-King and dictated the religion and laws of the land. He promoted a polytheistic religion that was used to explain natural phinaminans and life after death. According to this religion all Egyption not only the ruling class were offered the hope of survival in the next world, as a reward for a good life in the present world.
The idea of a good life is defined by the devotees accomplishments in the eyes of Osiris? the judge of the dead? . Funeral services were divided to exemplify these belifes and help to guid the spirit of the dead into the afterlife (Cunningham and Reich, 6).
The ridged structure of this Theocracy greatly limited individualism in all aspect of life, but most importantly art. The art of the Early kingdom was prodominetly based on the divinity of the Pharoah, and his status in sociaty. The most fam use example of the Theocracies influance on art would be the Great Spinx and the Pyramids of Ch efren.
The Essay on Relationship Between Art and Religion
Humans have since the very earliest time of their existence questioned various fundamental facts about their existence and the world around them. They have tried to answer the mysteries of life such as how they came into existence and what happens after their death. These questions they discovered could be only answered through religion and science. Religion went about explaining that all things ...
These erence works of art were created to show the importance and divine power of the Pharoah, as well as, to serve as a burial tomb. The Sphinx itself is sculpted with great percisian and close at tension was paid to the basic anatimy of the human face, but the features of the Pharoah are idealize. ? It is a portia t not of an individual but of the concept of divinity? (Cunningham and Reich, 9).
The lion body, falcon headdress and transendental stare of the Sphinx shows a certain calmness and mystery, that encapsulates the ideal perfection of the ideal perfection of the Pharoah. In the Middle Kindom Akhenaton came to power and changed the religius structure of Egypt. He belived in a monotheistic system that placed all faith in one God, Aton-Ra.
Akhenaton did not dipict himself as an all powerfull God-King, but a messenger through which Aton-Ra spoke (qtd. Picco).
The changes in the role of the Pharoah, dramatically changed the art of the time. Art began to dipict more physical human characteristics, and less divine idealism. A stone relife that shows the royal couple and their three children sitting under the raise of the sun God is a good example of this change. No longer is the Pharoah depicted as the most important figure in Egyption art, and for the first time other people are shown on the same level as the Pharoah (qtd.
Picco).
This monothiestic reign strongly conflicted with the interest of the priests, ? who had a vested interest in preserving the old polytheistic traditions? (Conningham and Reich, 11).
Directly following his death Akhenaton successors echoed his name from the historical monuments and brought back the traditional polytheistic religion (Conningham and Reich, 11).
By the end of the New Kingdom art was back to the standards of the Old Kingdom.
Large pyramids and high relife sculpture that idealized the divinity and greatness of the Pharoah were once anga in built, and the monotheistic art of the late Middle Kingdom was forgotten. The influance of this poleithistic rleigion became so strong, that even direct contact with occupying cultures did not effect the art of the New Kingdom (Conningham and Reich, 12).
The Essay on Classical Period Sculpture Art Greek
In visiting the Metropolitan museum of art in New York City I have chosen to discuss a group of three ancient Greek works. I have chosen three because I would like to emphasis the changes that have taken place from the Archaic period through the classical period to the Hellenistic period. Greek art has had and still has a tremendous influence in art, as we know it today. I have chosen pieces that ...
Greek civilization placed much more importance on individuals, rather than on a single king or God. Greece was broken up into City States and ruled by a number of politi sion, much like our present concept of democracy. The religion of the time was poleithistic, but because of the seperation of the City States, it never developed the structure of the preceding Egyptian religion. The Greeks? used their religion to illuminate their own lives, rather than to give them divine guidance.
? ? They turned to art and literature, rather than prayer, as a means of trying to discover themselves? (Conningham and Reich, 36-37).
This enphicis on self spawned new beliefs about mans order in the universe. Contrary to Egyptian belifes, the Greeks did not see their Gods as the center universe, and belived that they as humans had some controle over their own destiny (Conningham and Reich, 39).
The freedom to explore the self allowed the Greeks to make advances in mathematics, philosophy, and art. The advances in philosophy and mathematics had direct influance on the art of the time. This is first seen in the Protogeometric and Geometric art of the first three centuries of Greek civilizations.
These unique styles show a meticuluse order and persion that was not seen in any preciading period. As the domanint style changed from Protogeometric to Geometric this order and persion was amplified. The popular? circle and semicirlce patterns were replaced by linear designs, zigzags, triangles, diamonds, and meanders? (Conningham and Reich, 40).
The increased interest in order, seems to have been a refection of the Greek fascination with nature, and mans relationship to nature. This interest in the order of nature, eventually evolved into a faso nation with the human form and the idea of human perfection. Although early Greek sculpture highly resembled Egyptian cult statues, district diferaces in design made Greek sculpture remarkably unique, and in consequence showed a major difference in the Greek social structure, and thier view the man.
The first and probably most improtant difference of the Greek sculptural design was that the figures were mainly shown as nude (Conningham and Reich, 44).
The Essay on A History of Human Art and Body Painting
If the impulse to create art is a defining sign of humanity, the body may well have been the first canvas. Alongside paintings on cave walls visited by early people over 30,000 years ago, we find handprints, ochre deposits, and ornaments. And because the dead were often buried with valuable possessions and provisions for the afterlife, ancient burials reveal that people have been tattooing, ...
This variation on the basic Egyption sculpture shows a defined seperation from the rigid class system of Egypt. By removing clothes from the human figure the pure and true identity of the subject is revealed. The subject is no longer seen as a product of sociaty but as a creation of nature. This view of man was futher explored as Greek thought continue to progress. This progress is best shown by examine the change in stile from the Kouros, form Attica to the Kritios Boy, from Acropolis.
The Kouros, from Attica showed a dif inet a tempt to revel e the true human form. Although the sculptor put great effort into portraying the real muscle and bone structure to the subject, he still uses the transendental stare that was so popular in Egyption relife. As Greek philosophy progressed, the idea the human perfection was further explored in the arts. By 490 B. C.
the Kritios Boy, from Acropolis was created and the perfect human form was found. The extremely accurate portrail of human anatimy and the realism of the facial excretion, are exemplified by the relaxed stance of the figure. ? For the first time in ancient art the figure is no longer looking or walking straight ahead? (Conningham and Reich, 44).
His head and s holders are shifted to one side while his hips are shifted to the opposite side, and his wight is placed on one leg. This was the most advanced and realistic portrail of a human figure in the history of ancient art, and is a direct reflection of the Greek interest in the true nature of man.
The changes in art from the begining of Egyptian civilization to the early stages of Greek civilization reflect the evolution of human thought and social structure. The Egyption art of the Old Kindom por trade a ridged and powerful Theocracy that gave little room for personal interpretation of art. In the Middle Kingdom Akhenaton lead the first artistic revolution by introducing a new religius system. But after his death, religion and art both returned to the traditional style of the Old Kingdom. The Greeks however took on a new view of the heavens in wich they put less emphasis on the Gods and more emphasis on the human spirit. This new belife system allowed the Greeks to break away from a rigid social structure and explore the human form in it? s most pure state.
The Essay on Greek, Red-Figure Hydria
The Greek red-figure hydria or jar is said to have originated from South Italy, most likely in Apulia Region, a place that is populated by Greek colonists during the fourth century BC. It is dated at around 380-360 BC, the epoch when colonists developed numerous triumphant pottery workshops. The painters and potters then have developed their own styles that are anchored on the techniques learned ...
Bibliography Culture and Values Lawrence Cunningham, John Reich.
