After carefully reading and refreshing my memory on the three great theorists I found every aspect of their studies fascinating. There are several components compelling about Piaget. One is that he studied his own children and he based his research on: “What the child can do?” His argument was that children progress through four stages of cognitive development. These stages are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations (Boeree, 1999).
Piaget also argued that our minds are comprised of schemes, and these schemes change constantly as we grow older and have new experiences. I believe this to be true, and this theory has helped me understand my students and their progress better. This theory is also the reason we have age appropriate curriculum. Educators must plan a developmentally appropriate curriculum that enhances their students’ logical and conceptual growth (Funderstanding, 2011).
It is extremely important that educators recognize the role that experiences or connections with the connecting atmosphere play in student education.
In my opinion Piaget’s theory of constructivism is the most compelling. This theory addresses how learning actually occurs, not focuses on what influences learning (Huitt & Hummel, 2003).
Constructivism is happening in my school district now with the switch to Common Core. Common core requires cooperative learning and student lead activities. Constructivism requires the teacher to function as facilitators. This takes away focus from the teacher and lecture and puts it upon the student and their learning. Teachers following Piaget’s theory of Constructivism and Common Core Standards must challenge their students by focusing on developing critical thinking, problem solving, and analytical skills students need to be successful. What was most compelling about Erickson’s research was his stage theory was one of the first to examine and explain psychosocial development across the entire lifespan.
The Essay on Structures I Shall Define Every Stage Piaget Stages Learning
Overview Four theoretical approaches to cognitive development Piaget's theory Information processing theories Core knowledge theories Sociocultural theories (Vygotsky) General Themes Nature and nurture Continuity vs. discontinuity Active vs passive child Nurture (environment, learning) John Locke (1632-1704) -Infant's mind as "tabula rasa" Behaviorism (e. g. Watson, Skinner) Nurture (environment, ...
His stages remain generally consistent with psychoanalytic theory, but the theory’s emphasis is on the importance of early childhood and the idea that each stage is marked by a dilemma or crisis that must be resolved for normal development to proceed (McLeod, 2013).
There are eight original stages of Erickson’s theory, and for each of these stages he believed social interactions were the most significant components in shaping outcome. Parents have a huge influence on numerous aspects of a child’s self-esteem, self-efficacy, academic success, and goal orientation. As a parent and educator I have always tried to instill self worth and self efficacy in my children. It is important for them to be aware of how valuable they are, so they will be capable of reaching their full potential at the end. Children with both self worth and self efficacy will have the skills to help them steer through life and reach their goals. Most importantly, they will have the ability to persevere during a challenge or set back.
This is what life is all about (knowing how to get back up when you have fallen), and Erickson has impacted numerous lives, both personal and professional with his research. The final theorist I researched was Lev Vygotsky, and what I found most intriguing about his research was his zone of proximity. ZPD is a level of development when children engage in social behavior (Culatta, 2013).
This concept opposes the use of standardized test. Vygotsky believed that instead of assessing what a student knows to determine intelligence, it is more helpful to compare their ability to independently solve problems with the help of someone who has mastered the concepts being learned (Culatta, 2013).
The Essay on Marketing Development
Marketing Development In order for the BevCo to come up with proper advertisement strategy for its newly developed beverage, the brand management team needs to learn about principles, upon which the advertisement campaign of BevCos competitors is based. As a good example of what managing creativity can accomplish, we will refer to Vitamin Water, produced by Glaceau. Products advertisement can be ...
This is also a theory that relates to the newly adopted Common Core standards.
With Common Core and ZPD students are given tasks (instead of the traditional paper and pencil test), and they must use critical thinking and problem solving skills. An instructional strategy known as scaffolding is also used by educators which originated from the ZPD. When using scaffolding the educator provides tasks that enable the learner to build on prior knowledge and internalize new concepts.
References
Boeree, D. C. (1999, January 1).
Piaget. Piaget. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/piaget.html Culatta, R. (2013, January 1).
Social Development Theory (Lev Vygotsky).
Social Development Theory. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/social-development.html McLeod, S. (2008, January 1).
Erik Erikson. Simply Psychology. Retrieved June 2, 2014, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html Piagetian theory overview. (2011, January 1).
Funderstanding Education Curriculum and Learning Resources. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://www.funderstanding.com/content/piaget Huitt., & Hummel. (2003, January 1).
Educational Psychology Interactive: Cognitive Development. Educational Psychology Interactive: Cognitive Development. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cognition/piaget.html
