Critically Consider the Emotional Growth of Young Children and the Implications of Their Overall Development 1. Background Theories To Emotional Growth Erik Erikson: * Psychosocial stages (compared to Freud because he claimed that humans develop in stages) * Erikson’s stages of development said that ones development would continue through their whole life. The stages were Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair.
However when we are looking at a young child’s emotional growth we would only focus on the first three stages. * Each of these first three stages can be describes respectively as infancy, early childhood and preschool. The infancy stage is based on whether babies will trust or mistrust their caregivers, depending on whether their needs are met. The early childhood stage is whether children become self sufficient or doubt their own abilities. And finally the preschool stage is when children undertake activities or they may fear limits which have been set by their caregivers.
Simon Baron Cohen: * Baron Cohen (1985) developed the first study to show that a child with autism has a delay in development when developing theory of mind. * Theory of mind is being able to infer the full range of mental states (beliefs, desires, intentions, imagination, emotions, etc) that cause action. When having a theory of mind we are able to understand our own minds and compare and relate them to other people’s minds. This means that an autistic child will not have the same experiences as a non autistic child, therefore will not grow emotionally at the same rate. An autistic child’s emotions are at the edges of consciousness, tying together any unexplainable areas whereas a non autistic child’s emotions are at the core of consciousness, indistinguishable from other conscious experience. 2. Cultural Research * Margaret Mead (1901) did research into emotional phenomena and found that emotions are culturally determined. * However in the 1970s, Paul Ekman showed that emotions are predominantly biological and thus are perceived and expressed the same across different cultures. 3. Long Term Implications Freud (1910) created the Oedipus Complex which gave a five step stage on how a child develops emotionally, based on their unconscious mind. According to Freud if a child was to become fixated in the anal stage then when the child grows up they would become anally expulsive which involves them having little self-control, being disorganised, defiant and hostile. * If a child was to have maternal deprivation then the long term consequences could include delinquency, reduced intelligence, increased aggression, depression and affectionless psychopathy.
The Term Paper on Child And Young Person Development 6
1.1 There is a huge pattern in development from birth to 19years in all children and young people and all these developments if done correctly or not will affect in their later lives. Physical development is very important and change gradually through the years from birth to 19years this has a lot to do with how the skills can develop in motor skills, fine skills and also a big part in their co- ...
The ‘44 Thieves Study (Bowlby, 1944)’ found that affectionless psychopaths show little concern for others and are unable to form relationships. He also found that they have emotional problems due to maternal deprivation. 4. Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment Relating to Emotional Growth * According to Bowlby (1969) the psychoanalytical approach is the origin from where the attachment theory comes from, it is both social and genetic. * Bowlby (1969) said that there was an innate bond between the child and a main caregiver.
A failure for a child to form this bond with a main caregiver could result in serious negative consequences as the child grew older, possibly affectionless psychopathy. * Affectionless psychopathy is when an individual has the inability to show affection towards someone else. Therefore not being able to show their emotions or comprehend someone elses. * Bowlby (1969) also created the theory of a critical period in which he claimed in the child first two years of life they must have continuous care from their primary caregiver.
The Essay on Emotional Growth Intelligence Intellectual Definition
The story Flowers for Algernon depicts the meaning of intelligence in a very deep sense. The narrow definition intelligence is the capacity to learn, to understand, or to deal with new or trying situations. It is a concrete definition in such a way that it also means the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria as tests. ...
If the attachment figure was broken or disrupted then this could lead to maternal deprivation. * Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis (1969) is that if there is a continuous disruption in the attachment of the child and the caregiver then this could lead to long term cognitive, social, and emotional difficulties for the child. Critically Consider the Emotional Growth of Young Children and the Implications of Their Overall Development 5. Introduction * Emotion is considered to be a psychophysiological experience in an individual’s mind when they interact with internal and external influences. According to Piaget (1932) a child’s cognitive growth is about a child developing or constructing a mental model of the world. He created the theory of cognitive development, which was based on the constructivist approach. * Gordon Allport (1950) created the Proprium which represents the positive, creative, growth-seeking, and forward-moving quality of human nature, specifically focusing on the stages that young children go through. This theory can be related to the psychoanalysis approach as it is similar to Freud’s Oedipus Complex. This essay will discuss the psychoanalytical, cognitive, social and ethological concepts of emotional growth in a child’s overall development and why it is important that a child has the correct emotional growth. 6. Conclusion * There are a lot of studies to show how emotional growth may be affected in many different ways. * Studies by Baron Cohen (1985) were based on autistic children only, therefore the results from these should not be generalised to non autistic children. * It is hard to measure the emotional growth of a child as it is not a physical component; so whether someone has or has not grown emotionally is quite subjective.
Subheading number:2 Subheading title:Background Theories to Emotional Growth There are many theories which may suggest how emotional growth could be affected or how it should be successfully achieved. Freud’s psychosexual stages (1905-2000) are probably one of the first stages to give a detailed description on how a child emotionally develops. The stages include oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. In each stage Freud describes how the child emotionally develops. However he also mentions that the child may ecome fixated in the first three stages of development which could lead to the child not emotionally developing properly, which would affect the child in later life. Piaget (1896) created two stages of development for young children which were entitled the ‘sensorimotor stage’ and the ‘pre-operational stage’. The sensorimotor stage went from 0 months to 24 months and described the child as getting to know the world through senses and actions were they first start to develop their own emotions; however this is only if the stage is carried out correctly.
The Term Paper on Stages Of Development Child Stage Young
There are three main theories of development that I shall discuss in this assignment, Cognitive, the main theorist being, Piaget, (1896 1980), The, Psychosocial Theory, Erikson, (1902 1994), and, The Psychosexual, of, Freud, (1856 1939). Cognitive Psychology draws the comparison between the human mind and a computer, suggesting that we like the computer process the information we acquire from ...
The pre operational stage is when the child see’s themselves as a single figure. Gordon Allport (1953) created the ‘Proprium’ which contained eight stages in which the first six were related to a young child’s development. In these first six the child started to develop an awareness of themselves. If a child was not to develop through these stages then they could become insecure and not recognise their proper selves in society. REFERENCES Bowlby, J. (1969).
Attachment and loss, volume 1: Attachment. New York: Basic Books. Erikson, E. H. 1984).
Reflections on the last stage – and the first. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 39, 155-165 Freud, S. (1905-2000).
Three essays on the theory of sexuality (revised edition).
New York: Basic Books Simon Baron Cohen. Theory of mind in normal development and autism, Prisme, 2001, 34, 174-183 Bernardo J. Carducci, The Psychology of Personality: Viewpoints, Research, and Applications, Second Edition, 263-270 Wadsworth, Barry J (1996), Piaget’s theory of cognitive and affective development: Foundations of constructivism (5th ed. )
