Cyber terrorists usually use the computer as a tool, target, or both for their unlawful act either to gain information which can result in heavy loss/damage to the owner of that intangible sensitive information. Internet is one of the means by which the offenders can gain such price sensitive information of companies, firms, individuals, banks, intellectual property crimes (such as stealing new product plans, its description, market programme plans, list of customers etc. ), selling illegal articles, pornography etc. his is done through many methods such as phishing, spoofing, pharming, internet phising, wire transfer etc. and use it to their own advantage without the consent of the individual. Many banks, financial institutions, investment houses, brokering firms etc. are being victimised and threatened by the cyber terrorists to pay extortion money to keep their sensitive information intact to avoid huge damages. And it’s been reported that many institutions in US, Britain and Europe have secretly paid them to prevent huge meltdown or collapse of confidence among their consumers.
Types Of Attacks By Hackers Hacker is computer expert who uses his knowledge to gain unauthorized access to the computer network. He’s not any person who intends to break through the system but also includes one who has no intent to damage the system but intends to learn more by using one’s computer. Information Technology Act 2000 doesn’t make hacking per se an offence but looks into factor of mens rea. Crackers on other hand use the information cause disruption to the network for personal and political motives. Hacking by an insider or an employee is quite prominent in present date.
The Essay on Von Storch Information Computer Internet
Is Your Information Safe? He doesn't wear a stocking mask over his face, and he doesn't break a window to get into your house. He doesn't hold a gun to your head, nor does he ransack your personal possessions. Just the same he's a thief. Although this thief is one you " ll not only never see, but you may not even realize right away that he's robbed you. The thief is a computer hacker and he ' ...
Section 66 (b) of the Information Technology Act 2000, provides punishment of imprisonment for the term of 3 years and fine which may extent to two lakhs rupees, or with both Therefore if anyone secures access to any computer without the permission of the owner shall be liable to pay damages of one crore rupees under Information Technology Act, 2000. computer system here means a device including input and output support devices and systems which are capable of performing logical, arithmetical, data storage and retrieval, communication control and other functions but excludes calculators.
unauthorised access under Section 43 of the Information Technology Act 2000 is punishable regardless of the intention or purpose for which unauthorised access to the computer system was made. Owner needn’t prove the facto of loss, but the fact of it been used without his authorisation. Case of United States v. Rice would be important in this regard where defendant on the request of his friend (who was been under investigation by IRS officer) tried to find the status of his friend’s case by using officer’s computer without his consent.
Though it didn’t cause any damage/loss to the plaintiff (officer) but was convicted by the Jury for accessing the computer system of a Government without his authority and his conviction was later on confirmed. Even if one provides any assistance to the other to gain any unauthorised access to the computer he shall be liable to pay damages by way of compensation of Rupees 1 crore. *Computer Viruses: Viruses are used by Hackers to infect the user’s computer and damage data saved on the computer by use of “payload” in viruses which carries damaging code.
The contradiction here is that though certain viruses causes temporary interruption by showing messages on the screen of the user but still it’s not punishable under Information Technology Act 2000 as it doesn’t cause tangible damage. But, it must be made punishable as it would fall under the ambit of ‘unauthorised access’ though doesn’t cause any damage. Harmless viruses would also fall under the expression used in the provision “to unsurp the normal operation of the computer, system or network”. This ambiguity needs reconsideration. Phishing: By using e-mail messages which completely resembles the original mail messages of customers, hackers can ask for verification of certain information, like account numbers or passwords etc. here customer might not have knowledge that the e-mail messages are deceiving and would fail to identify the originality of the messages, this results in huge financial loss when the hackers use that information for fraudulent acts like withdrawing money from customers account without him having knowledge of it *Spoofing: This is carried on by use of deceiving Websites or e-mails.
The Essay on Accounts Receivable Customer Information Invoice
E-Commerce Accounts Receivable The purpose of the accounts receivable program is to keep track and report on money owed to your company by your customers as a result of providing them with goods or services. The information needed to operate the program is: 1. Customer Information-Any customer information that could be useful. 2. Invoice Information- Invoice dates, invoice amounts, credits, order ...
These sources mimic the original websites so well by use of logos, names, graphics and even the code of real bank’s site. *Phone Phishing: Is done by use of in-voice messages by the hackers where the customers are asked to reveal their account identification, and passwords to file a complaint for any problems regarding their accounts with banks etc. *Internet Pharming: Hacker here aims at redirecting the website used by the customer to another bogus website by hijacking the victim’s DNS server (they are computers responsible for resolving internet names into real addresses – “signposts of internet), and changing his I.
P address to fake website by manipulating DNS server. This redirects user’s original website to a false misleading website to gain unauthorised information. *Risk Posed On Banks And Other Institutions: Wire transfer is the way of transferring money from one account another or transferring cash at cash office. This is most convenient way of transfer of cash by customers and money laundering by cyber terrorists. There are many guidelines issued by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in this regard, one of which is KYC (Know Your Customer) norms of 2002. Main objective of which is to: 1) Ensure appropriate customer identification, and ) Monitor the transaction of suspicious nature and report it to appropriate authority every day bases. *Publishing Pornographic Material In Electronic Form: Section 67 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 in parallel to Section 292 of Indian Penal Code, 1860 makes publication and transmission of any material in electronic that’s lascivious or appeals to the prurient interest a crime, and punishable with imprisonment which may extend to 5 years and fine of 1 lakh rupees and subsequent offence with an imprisonment extending to 10 years and fine of 2 lakhs.
The Essay on Banking Banks Internet Atms
The Internets popularity has risen greatly in the last few years and its popularity has forced most industries to go online. The Internets millions of users have attracted commercial banks. People are increasingly using the Internet for financial services in addition to using the Internet for research, education, The last few years have seen an explosive proliferation of the Internet, with ...
Various tests were laid down gradually in course of time to determine the actual crime in case of obscene material published in electronic form on net. Hicklin test was adopted in America in the case of Regina v. Hicklin wherein it was held that “if the material has tendency is to deprive and corrupt those whose minds are open to such immoral influences, and into whose hands a publication of this sort may fall”. In Indian scenario the case of Ranjeet D. Udeshi v. State of Maharashtra the Supreme Court admitted that Indian Penal Code doesn’t define obscenity though it provides punishment for publication of obscene matter.
