Two great works known for irony, in one a great author, Albert Camus, creates a masterpiece and in the other, a masterpiece creates a great author, Shirley Jackson. Camus had been known to the world and his works had been studied even without the presence of “l’home” or known as The Guest, but Shirley Jackson was a nobody till she wrote The Lottery and stunned the world. Both works are studied as pieces of irony but I believe both to be great works in other, with a twist of irony in the conclusion, although, worth mentioning, the ironies both serve to the other purpose rather than the plane simple sake of irony. The Guest, a pen and paper advert for Paul Sartre’s Existentialism, carries traces of this thought throughout, while, The Lottery, being a symbolic society questioner, with its many symbols undermines the American society. But both short stories carry within them even more, they talk of breaking the norms, they speak of minorities, giving up, and waste of life. The Existentialists say man is free to choose yet the choice and having to choose is inevitable and this is seen in The Guest where the Arab is forced into Daru’s life so thrusting upon him the crossroad of what to do with the Arab, either turn him in or let him go.
In Existentialist belief due to the exact same choice man is always anxious and hesitant, not knowing whether his choice is proper or not, is it accepted by others or not, and this is seen so clearly again by the simple repetition of the word “hesitation” and its other forms in the story: 1. “The orders? I’m not… .” Daru hesitated… {A choice forced upon him}2. He served Baldacci more tea, hesitated, the… {Hesitation before the person forcing the situation upon him}3.
The Essay on Ideology and work choices
Labour laws come from a body of administrative rulings, laws and regulations that are meant to address the legal rights and restrictions of workers and their organizations/ employers. These laws help in improving the relationship between employers, trade unions and employees. Since the 19th century, labour rights have been playing a crucial role in the development of the industrial revolution both ...
The old gendarme hesitated. “It’s up to you… {Hesitation while expressing choice}4. The Arab hesitated, then bit into… {Hesitation before even life’s inevitable’s such as eating}5. In the classroom, before going out, he hesitated a second…
{Hesitation before making a choice}6. Looked hesitantly at the motionless Arab… {Hesitation before the source of choice}7. Daru hesitated. The sun rather high… {Hesitant look at life}In the end Daru tries to get out of choosing by putting responsibility of the choice on the Arab but this in itself is again choosing.
Existentialist beliefs express the dilemma in life and again is shown by Daru not being able to decide what to do with the Arab, whether to go against his country, and let the Arab free to choose, or go against his morals, and turn him in, and all life comes to the crossroad dilemma between freedom and prison for the Arab. Existentialists strongly believe man is responsible for his choices and at the end of The Guest we see Daru is threatened by the Arabs for the decision he made, even though the Arab himself chose to go to prison. The loneliness of man, believed by Existentialists, is through out the story in Daru’s feelings and especially in the end, “Daru looked at the sky, the plateau and, beyond it, the invisible lands stretching out to the sea. In this vast country which he had loved, he was alone” By Existentialist belief life is absurd, in The Guest there are materials of explosive action- a revolver, a murderer, a state of undeclared war, an incipient uprising, a revenge note- but nothing happens which only serves to show life actually is absurd.
There’s no question Camus was an Existentialist, and I believe Daru is a representation of Camus. A schoolmaster carrying Camus’ wish to be a teacher, Daru a French-Algerian like Camus and also believing himself more an Algerian than a French, and the story takes place in northern Algeria, Camus’ birthplace. Also a quote by Camus “Je protest e donc je suis” is shown in the story by the repetition of such words as bubble, revolt, uprising, rebel… In the short story The Lottery Jackson uses so many symbols to convey ever so nicely her personal beliefs towards American low-minded society. She mentions the village: the village shows signs of conventionalism and tradition.
The Essay on Sulphur Creek Arab Daru Man
By nature human beings are forced to endure the trials of both the internal and the external world. An individual must battle with his or her conscience on a daily basis, and through both thoughts and actions he or she must continually strive for success in an absurd world. Every person must face choices every day of his or her life, but every individual places priorities in his or her own order. ...
In villages new ideas are forbid and life must continue as was in past generations. The village is a representation of closed area and closed thoughts and superstition. Age of Old Man Warner (77): The number 7 conveys luck and again superstition, and how he has been lucky to last so long. The number 77 refers to the history of this custom and how long it has been practiced, Old Man Warner mentions it had even been practiced before his time.
Other Villages: The northern villages have given up the custom. Shows the protestant views of the north US. Children’s talk of school and men of planting, rain, and tax at the occasion: Shows the lottery has been so easily accepted among the blind villagers and as if nothing were to happen they carried on with simple routine. Boys gathering stone while the girls watched: Shows the passiveness of women in the society, while the men did all the work the women stood back as observers. The scapegoat Tessie: She, being the only one who rebels against the custom and against men’s dominance, is the obvious choice for the lottery winner. She rebels by 1-coming late and forgetting the cherished custom.
2-talking back to the male of the family and telling him what to do. 3-undermines the whole lottery. 4-violates the rules. The Black box: The box has been remade of the older ones, which shows the tradition being passed down.
Its black color conveys death and darkness. The paint is wearing away showing what’s really underneath. The three powerful men have always kept the box. Mr.
Graves, Mr. Martin, and Mr. Summers: Mr. Graves the postmaster, being the symbol of government.
Mr. Martin the shopkeeper, being the symbol of capitalism. Mr. Summers the organizer, being the symbol of mafia like masterminds. Names: Mr. Graves conveys death.
Mr. Summers has irony, his name is supposed to convey warmth and life but it is actually associated with death. The Adams family has the only humanistic view and asks for the stop of the lottery. Jackson expresses how traditions are killing Americans especially southern closed-minded ones, how old customs are being lived through without a second thought. How these customs, rather referred to as superstitions, have become so old that they themselves are rotting away and decaying. And by the powers at hand if anyone should undermine them he or she will be put out of the way.
The Essay on “The Lottery” and “A Good Man is Hard to Find”
After reading both short stories I was left feeling disgusted and cold. “The Lottery” left me with an overwhelming sense of astonishment and wonder, while “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” simply stunned me. Within the two literary pieces, I found that both of the authors wrote using distinguished themes, symbols, foreshadowing, irony, suspense, and many other literary device to aid their reader. ...
The Lottery clearly expresses the male-dominate society of American life where women are only to listen and if they question they will have fates such as Tessie’s. And once it comes to punishment the women themselves will be first in line and will punish even more severely showing the problem comes from with in. Jackson shows the true meaning of American democracy by showing the lottery, having choice, each family taking their own fate, and everything being so equal, but in fact the whole “lottery” is a work of dictatorship by the three powerful men. Mr.
Summers wears blue jeans like the ordinary people to mingle with them but the white shirt, which is suitable to his class of people. He is mentioned to “look so appropriate” by the people who themselves have been blinded by this custom. And also the hierarchy is shown by the close attention paid to the procedure of the lottery. In both stories there is a minority questioning the society norms, Daru and Tessie, but one, Daru, is a minority with power and from the higher class while the other, Tessie, is a minority coming from lower class of the society.
Never the less both get punished for this questioning of standards. Tessie punished by those who still blindly cherish the traditions and see her of minority value (being a woman) and Daru by Arabs who see him as minority value (an outsider, a French).
But the stories carry a great difference. In The Guest Daru actually does break the norms and does what he thinks to be correct while in The Lottery Tessie only huffs and puffs but in the end she herself bows down to the outcome and stands to be stoned. Both works try to show how meaningless life is. In The Guest everything is absurd, nothing is played out right and in The Lottery a person’s life is so easily played with and decided upon with a simple game.
The Essay on Lottery 5
Shirley Jackson's short story "The Lottery" depicts a seemingly average village with average citizens. The citizens of this village participate in an annual lottery in which the winner will be stoned to death. It is believed that the death of the winner will bring heartier crops to the village. Jackson introduces the lottery as a tradition that has been performed and will be done for many years to ...
In the two stories the characters simply give up. Daru has completely given up from beginning of the story and he just throws all responsibility on the Arab and lets fate do the rest. Tessie, although arguing the outcome a little, just stands for the prize of the lottery to be carried out. The names of these stories should also not go unnoticed. “L’home” has a dual meaning in French, the guest and the host, and which one is Daru a host to the Arab or a guest in his country. The Lottery conveys something nice and winning but actually its result is only death.
Irony does also play its part, ironically the Arab chooses to go to prison and ironically Daru is threatened to be punished for the Arab’s decision and ironically the prize of winning is death in the lottery.
