TEMPLATE FOR SUMMARISING AND EVALUATING ARTICLES FROM SCHOLARLY JOURNALS Title and Article Reference| Robert G. Isaac, Wilfred J. Zerbe and Douglas C. Pitt(Summer 2001) Leadership And Motivation: The Effective Application Of Expectancy Theory, Journal of Managerial Issues , Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 212-226| Aim / Purpose of article| In this article, we discuss the application of a motivational model that provides a practical tool for individuals wishing to assume leadership roles. This model, namely expectancy theory (Vroom, 1964; Porter and Lawler, 1968), suggests that individuals, acting through self-interest, adopt courses of action perceived as maximizing the probability of desirable outcomes for themselves.
This desire to maximize self-interest provides aspiring leaders with unique opportunities to assume leadership roles by simultaneously meeting both follower needs and organizational requirements| Sample, location, method of data collection and analysis| Article was only theoretical. No empirical evidence offered| Findings/Interpretations reported in the article| Leadership is hard work because it means stepping forward and taking the time to motivate each follower on a personal basis, according to the principles of the model of expectancy theory.| Significance/contribution of the article in relation to your other articles and your topic| This article also contains solid information which outlines that the expectancy theory is used by leadership to motivate their employee’s by meeting their expectation which then inspires them to perform their task highly.| Strengths of the article| Well researched with strong background in the exploration prior of research| Weaknesses of the article| No weakness indicated as the expectancy theory has proven to be vital for leadership and management.|
The Term Paper on Alcohol Aggression Theory Expectancy Effects
Relating Alcohol to Aggressive Behavior From the beginning of recorded history, alcohol has been a part of human culture. However, it appears that the correlation between alcohol and violent aggression is a trait solely to the American culture. So the question that must be answered is Is it the alcohol, or is it the individuals expectancies while under the influence of alcohol. There has been ...
Quotes from the article that you plan to use in your assignment| “V. H. Vroom (1964) suggested that people consciously choose particular courses of action, based upon perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs, as a consequence of their desires to enhance pleasure and avoid pain”. (Leadership And Motivation: The Effective Application Of Expectancy Theory) Summer 2001 p 214| Quotes from the article that you plan to use in your assignment| “In essence, the model suggests that the individual feels motivated when three conditions are perceived”1. The personal expenditure of effort will result in an acceptable level of performance. 2. The performance level achieved will result in a specific out-come for the person3.The
outcome attained is personally valuedSummer 2001 p 215|
