The plasminogen-plasmin enzyme system is known to cause coagulation defects through lytic activity on fibrinogen, fibrin and other clotting factors. By inhibiting the action of plasmin (finronolysin) the anti-fibrinolytic agents reduce excessive breakdown of fibrin and effect physiological hemostasis. | Hemorrhage following dental and/or oral surgery in patients with hemophilia Management of hemophilic patients (those having Factor VIII or Factor IX deficiency) who have oral mucosal bleeding, or are undergoing tooth extraction or other oral surgical procedures.
Surgical: General surgical cases but most especially operative procedures on the prostate, uterus, thyroid, lungs, heart, ovaries, adrenals, kidneys, brain, tonsils, lymph nodes and soft tissues. Obstetrical and gynecological: abortion, post-partum hemorrhage and menometrorrahgia Medical: epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematuria, peptic ulcer with hemorrhage and blood dyscrasias with hemorrhage Effective in promoting hemostasis in traumatic injuries. Preventing hemorrhage after orthopedic surgeries. |Allergic reaction to the drug or hypersensitivity
Presence of blood clots (eg, in the leg, lung, eye, brain), have a history of blood clots, or are at risk for blood clots Current administration of factor IX complex concentrates or anti-inhibitor coagulant concentrates |Unusual change in bleeding pattern should be immediately reported to the physician. For women who are taking Tranexamic acid to control heavy bleeding, the medication should only be taken during the menstrual period. Tranexamic Acid should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 18 years old; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.
The Term Paper on Diabetes Blood Sugar
Diabetes is a very grave and serious disease involving many hardships, but a good diet, exercise, and overall healthy habits can keep your diabetes under control which in-turn makes you feel better and avoid later complications. Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce enough insulin, a hormone needed to convert the sugars and starches that we eat into energy needed for daily life. ...
The medication can be taken with or without meals. Swallow Tranexamic Acid whole with plenty of liquids. Do not break, crush, or chew before swallowing. If you miss a dose of Tranexamic Acid, take it when you remember, then take your next dose at least 6 hours later. Do not take 2 doses at once. | | DRUG NAME |DOSAGE |CLASSIFICATION |Mechanism of action |INDICATION |CONTRAINDICATION |Nursing Implication | | Brand Name: TRAMADOL Generic Name: tramadol hydrochloride |Tablets: 50 mg (Ultram), 37. 5 mg (Ultracet) |CLASSIFICATIONS Therapeutic:
Analgesics (centrally acting) |Physiologic Mechanism • Decreased pain. Pharmacologic Mechanism • Binds to mu-opioid receptors. • Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the CNS. |Moderate to moderately severe pain. |Contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to drug or other opioids, in breastfeeding women, and in those with acute intoxication from alcohol, hypnotics, centrally acting analgesics, opioids, or psychotropic drugs. Serious hypersensitivity reactions can occur, usually after the first dose. Patients with history of anaphylactic reaction to odeine and other opioids may be at increased risk. * Use cautiously in patients at risk for seizures or respiratory depression; in patients with increased intracranial pressure or head injury, acute abdominal conditions, or renal or hepatic impairment; or in patients with physical dependence on opioids. |Assess type, location, and intensity of pain before and 2-3 hr (peak) after administration. • Assess BP & RR before and periodically during administration. respiratory depression has not occurred with recommended doses. • Assess bowel function routinely.
Prevention of constipation should be instituted with increased intake of fluids and bulk and with laxatives to minimize constipating effects. • Assess previous analgesic history. Tramadol is not recommended for patients dependent on opioids or who have previously received opioids for more than 1 wk; may cause opioid withdrawal symptoms. • Prolonged use may lead to physical and psychological dependence and tolerance, although these may be milder than with opioids. This should not prevent patient from receiving adequate analgesia. Most patients who receive tramadol for pain d not develop psychological dependence.
The Essay on Care of a Patient in Acute Pain from a Total Knee Replacement Jahaira Melendez
Nursing care after a total knee replacement is very essential in promoting a speedy and safe recovery for a patient. In an attempt to replicate the knee’s natural ability to roll and glide as it bends by cutting away damaged bone and cartilage and replacing it with an artificial joint, acute pain following the procedure can be unbearable. In assisting the patient in controlling the pain would only ...
If tolerance develops, changing to an opioid agonist may be required to relieve pain. • Tramadol is considered to provide more analgesia than codeine 60 mg but less than combined aspirin 650mg/codeine 60 mg for acute postoperative pain. • Monitor patient for seizures. May occur within recommended dose range. Risk increased with higher doses and inpatients taking antidepressants (SSRIs, tricyclics, or Mao inhibitors), opioid analgesics, or other durgs that decrese the seizure threshold. • Overdose may cause respiratory depression and seizures. Naloxone (Narcan) may reverse some, but not all, of the symptoms of overdose.
Treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Maintain adequate respiratory exchange. • Encourage patient to cough and breathe deeply every 2 hr to prevent atelactasis and pneumonia. | | DRUG NAME |DOSAGE |CLASSIFICATION |Mechanism of action |INDICATION |CONTRAINDICATION |Nursing Implication | | BRAND NAME: GENERIC NAME: FERROUS SULFATE |Dose, Route, PO freq: BID |Classification: Iron Preparation |Elevates the serum iron concentration which then helps to form High or trapped in the reticuloendothelial cells for storage and eventual conversion to a usable form of iron. Iron deficiency |Contraindications • hypersensitivity • severe hypotension. |Use cautiously on long-term basis Keep in mind that GI upset may be related to dose. Between-meal doses are preferable, but can be given with some foods, although absorption may be decreased. Enteric-coated products reduce GI upset but also reduce amount of iron absorbed Be aware that oral iron may turn stools black. Although this unabsorbed iron is harmless, it could mask melenas. Monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and reticulocyte count during therapy, as ordered | |
