Zapata was born to Gabriel Zapata and Cleofas Jertrudiz Salazar of Anenecuilco, Morelos. Zapata’s family were Mexicans of Nahua and Spanish ancestry;[2] Emiliano was the ninth of ten children. A peasant since childhood, he gained insight into the severe difficulties of the countryside. [3] He received a limited education from his teacher, Emilio Vara. He had to care for his family because his father died when Zapata was 17 and at La Mirada. Around the turn of the 20th century Anenecuilco was an indigenous Nahuatl speaking community; there are eyewitness accounts stating that Emiliano Zapata spoke Nahuatl fluently. [4]
Birthplace of Emiliano Zapata in Anenecuilco, today a house museum A graphical timeline is available at Timeline of the Mexican Revolution After Porfirio Diaz rose to power in 1876, the Mexican social and economic system was essentially a feudal system, with large estates (haciendas) controlling much of the land and squeezing out the independent communities of the people who were subsequently forced into debt slavery (peonaje) on the haciendas. Diaz ran local elections to pacify the people, and a government that could be argued was self-imposed. Under Diaz, close confidants and associates were given offices in districts throughout Mexico.
These officials became enforcers of “land reforms” that drove the haciendas into the hands of progressively fewer and wealthier landowners. [citation needed] In 1909 an important meeting was called by the elders of Anenecuilco, whose chief elder was Jose Merino in which he announced “my intention to resign from my position due to my old age and limited abilities to continue the fight for the land rights of the village”, The meeting was used as a time for discussion and nomination of individuals as a replacement for Merino as the president of the village council.
The Essay on The Mexican Revolution
Reformers such as Zapata, Carranza, and Madero contrived laws or revisions to the constitution that would reform Mexico socially and economically. Reformers often fought to have these revisions enforced, but more often rallied the support of revolutionaries in order to carry out the revolts. Revolutionaries such as Pancho Villa also sought social and economic reform for Mexico, but they did not ...
The elders on the council were so well respected by the village men that no one would dare to override their nominations or overtake the vote for an individual against the advice of the current council at that time. The nominations made were: Modesto Gonzales, Bartolo Parral, and Emiliano Zapata. After the completion of nominations, a vote was taken and Zapata became the new council president without contest. [5] Although Zapata had turned 30 only a month before, the voters knew that it was necessary to elect an individual who would be responsible for the village and who was well respected by the village people.
Even though he was young, the village was ready to hand over the controlling force to him without any worry of failure. Before he was elected he had shown the village his nature by helping to head up a campaign in opposition to a candidate for governor. Even though his efforts and his cause failed greatly, he was able to create and cultivate relationships with political authority figures that would prove useful for him. [5]
Zapata became a leading figure in the village of Anenecuilco, where his family had lived for many generations, and he became involved in struggles for the rights of the campesinos of Morelos. He was able to oversee the redistribution of the land from some haciendas peacefully, but had problems with others. He observed numerous conflicts between villagers and hacendados, or landowners, over the constant theft of village land, and in one instance, saw the hacendados torch an entire village. [citation needed] For many years, he campaigned steadfastly for the rights of the villagers, first establishing via ancient title deeds their claims to disputed land, and then pressing the recalcitrant governor of Morelos into action. Finally, disgusted with the slow response from the government and the overt bias towards the wealthy plantation owners, Zapata began making use of armed force, simply taking over the land in dispute. [citation needed] The 1910 Revolution [edit]
The Essay on Emiliano Zapata Mexico Carranza President
Emiliano Zapata, born on August 8, 1879, in the village of Anenecuilco, Morelos (Mexico), Emiliano Zapata was of mestizo heritage and the son of a peasant medi er, (a sharecropper or owner of a small plot of land). From the age of eighteen, after the death of his father, he had to support his mother and three sisters and managed to do so very successfully. The little farm prospered enough to allow ...
