With detailed reference to Text H and to relevant ideas from language study, explore how written language is used to assert power Text H is a poster which displays the rules and information to students taking or entering an exam. It also is for the use of the invigilators, to inform them of the rules as well as the candidates.
This poster will be shown right across the country to students preparing to take an exam. This is done to make sure there is regularity and equality everywhere, so that nowhere has different rules. The text asserts power using different language techniques, for example the use of instrumental power to enforce the exam boards’ authority on the candidates.
The text uses words such as “must” and “must not”; this creates power by telling the candidates what they have to do in order to sit the exam. “Most” is also a modal auxiliary verb, which is deontic. This is because it’s used in a way to give permission to the reader. There is also influential power in the text, it asserts power by influencing the candidates not to be involved in any “irregularity” or ”misconduct” or they could be “debarred from any future exams” by creating a necessity towards the text.
They also use pragmatics; this sentence suggests that if the candidate fails to follow these set rules then, they’ll be branded as a cheat, which will then follow to a criminal conviction. This creates power because the exam board show that they hold the power and authority in this situation and with that power they have the ability to achieve this. There are also certain lexical fields throughout the text.
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The groupings of these words are law and order. These words and phrases enforce power because they’re powerful and emotive, for example “warning”, “misconduct” and “unauthorised”, they inflict fear and control over the candidates, so they make sure that they don’t break any of their rules. The consequence for breaking a rule could lead to a “criminal offence”, which is another emotive word; it suggests to the reader that the law is backing the exam board. The exam board use short sentences on the poster to show power, by pointing out the important information that the students need to consider, for example “you must be on time for all your examinations”.
These sentences are imperatives. This particular imperative uses the pronoun “you”. The use of “you” is Fairclough’s synthetic personalisation; this asserts power by making it seem the poster is talking directly to you by creating a relationship with the exam board. It also gives the audience a duty to comply with the rules given.
There are also lexical fields of teenagers, they use items that are associated to teenagers that will be taking their exams, for example “iPods” and “mp3 players” this also adds synthetic personalisation to the text. The graphology used in Text H, also asserts power throughout towards the candidates.
Discourse features of numbers and bullet points apply power; it shows the importance of the certain points for example, “1. You must be on time for all your examinations”. It clearly explains to the candidates that they should follow these clear rules, as the exam board stresses their power. The colour of some parts of the text in Text H uses a red font. This inflicts power because there are connotations of the colour red as danger and as a warning. This matches the genre of the text, because it’s warning the candidates to do something.
As only some sentences are in a red font, it emphasises that these particular sentences are more important than the rest of the text. Pictures are used on this poster, is another way to reinforce the power situation between the exam board and the candidates. The pictures aim to show the candidate what they are not allowed with them while taking their exam. They have used pictures of nags and phones, with crosses through them. To show the importance of this rule, they have repeated the pictures to implement this rule to make sure they’re not in the candidate’s possession.
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The bold font used on the sentence, “copies of this poster must be displayed in a prominent place”. This shown in bold, to reiterate power and that in an exam situation, this poster must be up on a wall for all to see. This sentence is significant because the exam board has something to back them up, if the candidates do not follow the rules, the exam board cannot take any blame as the poster would have been seen by everyone.
This means that the law is backing the exam board once again, which creates power. The symbol of “JCQ” signifies their authority; this is because the candidates and invigilators know that the power of examinations is held by them. This means that if the symbol is shown up on any type of document, the text has power of the individual.
The formality of this Text is very formal; this is shown by the types of words they use and the overall look of the text. This is shown for example, where the exam is board is listing the types of material or equipment you are not permitted in the exam room.
The exam boards call a mobile a “mobile telephone”. This links to the formality of the piece and the power they hold. The audience of this text would use the term “mobile”, whereas the type of people who would use the word “mobile telephone” would be the exam board. This shows that the exam board still have the power and hold it over the students.
