Introduction
Enzymes are protein organelles where chemical reactions take place to generate energy within our cells. Without the energy produced from the cell enzyme activity, we would not possess the catalyst activity necessary for energy to produce movement.
Each enzyme performs a specific function within our bodies. Those functions performed can be significantly altered with the introduction of variables outside their environment. Variables, such as temperature increases or decreases, can instigate dramatic effects on the enzyme and its intended function.
The enzyme has a three-dimensional structure that is specific for the acceptance of a unique like enzyme and when fused together they form a new complex product. The enzyme then returns to its original state, upon which time recycles this process of fusion with its specific substrate.
The experiment was to observe what occurs when the enzyme is introduced to a range of temperatures and to determine if an enzyme having similar characteristics will perform the same chemical reaction.
PROCEDURE
1. Formation and Detection of Benzoquinone:
– Stations were set up having three test tubes, a wax marker and a ruler for measuring. We were to indicate measurements on each test tube at 1cm and 2cm from the bottom. We then identified each test tube as 2a, 2b, and 2c.
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– We filled each test tube with the following: 2a with 1cm of potato extract containing Catechol Oxidase and 1cm of 1% Catechol Solution; 2b with 1cm of potato extract containing Catechol Oxidase and 1cm of dH2O; 2c with 1cm of 1% Catechol Solution and 1cm of dH2O. We tapped each tube to completely mix the solution and recorded the time at zero.
– At zero time, each test tube was scaled for color concentration. A color range, zero to five, was to be used. If little color was present, we scaled the tube at zero, and if a deep brownish-gold color was visible, we were to scale the tube at five, all others were scaled within the specified range.
– We were also to propose a hypothesis. Our hypothesis was that tube 2a would present the strongest chemical reaction, and that tube 2b and 2c would react, however slightly.
– Following a five-minute interval we recorded the color concentration for each tube.
2. Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity:
– We set up our stations with seven test tubes measuring each test tube at 4cm, 5cm, and 6cm, from the bottom. We identified each test tube, with the numbers 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, and 12, since we felt that the test tubes should correlate with the pH solution being used.
– We fill each test tube with the following: 4cm of the pH solutions 2 through 12. We then filled the same test tubes with 1cm of potato extract. A final addition was made of 1cm of 1% Catechol Solution, the substrate for the potato extract enzyme. After completing each chemical additive, we completely mix the solutions and recorded the color concentrations.
– The hypothesis was that higher pH solutions would cause a stronger chemical reaction and the lower pH levels would not.
– Following a five-minute interval we recorded the color concentration for each tube.
3. Enzyme Specificity:
– The stations consisted of two test tubes. We indicated measurements on each test tube at 1cm and 2cm, from the bottom. We identified each test tube as 3a and 3b.
– We filled each test tube with the following: 3a with 1cm of potato extract containing Catechol Oxidase and 3b with 1cm of 1% Catechol Solution and 1cm of 1% Hydroquinone, an enzyme having similar characteristics to that of the Catechol solution. We completely mixed the solutions and record the time at zero and scaled the color intensity.
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– Our hypothesis of the experiment results was that the Hydroquinone would not react the same as the potato extract and its intended substrate.
4. Effect of Temperature on Enzyme
– We set up a station of six test tubes. We indicated measurements on each test tube at 1cm and 2cm from the bottom. We identified each test tube as 0 degrees Celsius, 20 degrees Celsius,40 degrees Celsius, 60 degrees Celsius, 80 degrees Celsius, and 100 degrees Celsius, since tubes we felt that each should correspond with the temperature differences being used in the observation to eliminate confusion. I was to observe the 0 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius and my lab partner the remaining tubes.
– We filled each test tube with the following: 1cm of potato extract containing Catechol Oxidase and place them in their corresponding temperatures. After the potato enzyme had been exposed to the various temperatures, approximately five minutes, we added 1cm of 1% Catechol Solution to each test tube. We completely mixed the solutions, recorded the time at zero, and immediately scaled the color intensity upon addition of the final solution.
– My hypothesis of the experiment was that the higher temperatures would result in a dramatic reaction due to the excitement of the molecules.
– Following a five-minute interval we recorded the color concentration for each tube and compared our results with our hypothesis.
RESULTS
In comparison, the first procedure, Formation and Detection of Benzoquinone, or experiment confirmed that, with the introduction of the enzyme Catechol Oxidase from potato extract, and its intended substrate, a one percent solution of Catechol, the chemical reaction does form the a new product, Benzoquinone. We also obtained a comparative scale in the context of color generation resulting from the chemical activity.
Formation and Detection of Benzoquinone
The Essay on Test Tube Enzyme Catechol Water
... statement concerning the effects of temperature on enzyme activity. Test Tube # Color Results Part II: EFFECT OF pH ON ENZYME ACTIVITY (Catechol Oxidase) The active ... to about 40 degrees Celsius, at which point the structure of proteins is disrupted (denaturation), resulting in an abrupt loss of enzyme activity. PROCEDURE: ...
TimeTube 2aTube 2bTube 2c
0 minutes110
5 minutes310
In procedure two, Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity, it became evident from the results observed that pH dramatically effects the enzyme chemical reactions. The pH strength of seven also signified that the enzymes chemical reaction would reach its optimum catalytic level providing that the pH level is properly balanced.
Effect of pH on Enzyme
Time Tube 2pH Tube 4pH Tube 6pH Tube 7pH Tube 8pH Tube 10pH Tube 12pH
0 mins. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 mins. 1 1.5 2 2.5 2 1.5 1
The outcome observed in the procedure, Enzyme Specificity, confirmed that our enzymes have specific functions. Subsequently, enzymes having similar characteristics do not consist of properties that can replace or be substituted for an intended or specific enzyme substrate.
Enzyme Specificity
TimeTube 2aTube 2b
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5 minutes31.5
In procedure four, Effect of Temperature on Enzyme, evidence proved that temperature alters the chemical reactions. The temperature variations provided results in a noticeable acceleration, and deceleration of chemical activity. The temperature of 100 degrees Celsius resulted in the denaturing of the enzyme structure entirely.
Effect of Temperature on Enzyme
Time Tube 20C Tube 30C Tube 40C Tube 60C Tube 80C Tube 100C
0 mins. 1 1 1 1 1 0
5 mins. 2 2.5 3 1.5 0.5 0
Conclusion
The resulting observations proved that cell catalyst activity could be altered with the presentation of variables, such as pH and temperature, however will reach optimum level with each introduction.
The introductions of the high and low extremities of pH indicate that our enzymes depend on a specific level of pH, thus understandably recognizing the need for the body’s pH buffering process.
While it had been anticipated that the higher temperature levels would considerably increase enzyme activity, during the results observed it became apparent that the increases overwhelmed the enzyme activity. The resulting evidence indicates how the enzyme’s defense mechanism function to eliminate foreign substances within the body.
Results achieved with regard to temperature achieved a margin of error based on the inability to properly measured the procedural temperatures prior to the introduction of the chemical substrate and to unmistakably scale the color differences. Controlled stations, with the respect of temperature accuracy and a color spectrum may have assisted with this process.
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... temperature, the enzyme will not function at all. However too high of a temperature produces the same results. Third, the pH level ... to assume increasing enzyme concentration and pH continually, will increase reaction activity, and increasing the temperature will increase the ... this experiment, for example shaking (inadvertently) the test tube while gas pressure was being measured. However these ...
Although, some of our hypothesis had been proven incorrect, the results obtained were enlightening. I personally hypothesize that the aphorism designating protein food groups as being brain food stimulates reasoning based on the intellectual activities that the protein enzymes demonstrates.
