Hundreds of years ago, a wise man once said, ” The child is the father of the man.” In so many words he was saying, who we are and what we experience as children, will be the result of who we will become as adults. Psycho Analyst Erik Erikson’s theory of development followed this point of view. He realized that each human being goes through distinct developmental stages and that each stage has its own unique crisis or obstacle to overcome. Individuals who successfully find a way to deal with the crisis will develop a corresponding “ego strength.” Those on the other hand who don’t find a way to deal with it, will be left with maladaptive or malevolent tendencies. Erickson’s definition of psychosocial crisis is the physical, emotional, and psychological stages of developmental challenges across your lifespan.
He breaks the stages down into 8 challenges, each of these challenges requires an individual to rethink orientation on themselves and others. Its basically, described as stages that all humans go through to become who they are today. Erickson’s theory of Psychosocial Crisis is a useful way to observe human development because in each of the stages you can evaluate and see what went wrong in a person’s life. These stages can tell if a child was neglected or didn’t fit in with the “in crowd”, this will result on how that person acts now. Erickson’s theory is a good evaluation to be used by psychologist because these steps can help them find out exactly why a person behaves the way they do. Psychoanalyst Erickson, explains the emotional and physical stages and relates precise issues or developmental work to each stage.
The Essay on Jean Piagets Theory on Child Dvevelopment
Switzerland he passed away September 16th 1980. Jean Piaget’s theory as 4 developmental stages these are, * The Sensorimotor Stage (birth-2 years) * The Preoperational Stage (2-7 years) * The Concrete Operational (7-11 years) * The Formal Operational Stage (11 years plus) All of these 4 developmental stages have sub-stages for each age range. Sensorimotor Sub-stages Simple reflexes - (birth-1 ...
The stages are Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. self-doubt, Initiative vs. guilt, Competence vs. inferiority, Identity vs. role confusion, Intimacy vs.
Isolation, Generativity vs. stagnation and Ego-integrity vs. despair. Trust vs. Mistrust is the first stage that occurs between ages 0 to 1 1/2, the significant relationship should be either with the mother or the mother substitute. If there is a bond between the two at this age the child will have trust in the world and future.
The child will also be able to form. If there is not a bond between the two, there will be fear of the future, suspicion and difficulty with trust in future relationships. Autonomy vs. self-doubt is a stage that occurs around the ages of 1 1/2 to 3 years old.
, the significant relationship is with the parents. At this stage if there is a good relationship with the parents there will be a sense of success, self control and the ability to exercise choices. There will also be a sense of self esteem leading to goodwill and pride. If there is no relationship there will be a sense of loss of control and doubt about personal control in general. Initiatives vs. guilt is a stage that occurs around the ages 3 to 6 years old.
The significant relationship is with the basic family. If resolved adequately one will be able to initiate their own directions and enjoy their accomplishments. Resolved inadequately will result in self restriction or over compensating by showing off. Competence vs.
Inferiority is a stage that occurs around the age 6 to puberty, the significant relationship is the neighborhood or school. At this age the child learns to master the more formal skills of life. They are relating with pairs according to rules progressing from play to play that may be structured by rules and may demand teamwork. Resolved adequately the child will have the ability to relate to the world of skills and tools, to exercise intelligence to make things and make them well, this child because of his successful resolutions of earlier crisis, who is trusting and full of initiative will learn easily enough to be industrious.
The Term Paper on Stages Of Development Child Stage Young
There are three main theories of development that I shall discuss in this assignment, Cognitive, the main theorist being, Piaget, (1896 1980), The, Psychosocial Theory, Erikson, (1902 1994), and, The Psychosexual, of, Freud, (1856 1939). Cognitive Psychology draws the comparison between the human mind and a computer, suggesting that we like the computer process the information we acquire from ...
The inadequately resolved crisis child will doubt the future and experience defeat and inferiority. Identity vs. role confusion is the adolescence stage, the child can now answer the question of “Who am I?” The significant relationships in this crisis are peer groups and models of leadership. Resolved adequately will result in the ability to see oneself as a unique and “included” person.
You will also be able to maintain loyalties. Inadequately resolved there will be confusion over who one is and what one’s role is. Intimacy vs. isolation is during the early adulthood, the significant relationships are partners in a relationship. The successful young adult, for the first time can experience true intimacy and commit oneself to others. The inadequate resolved crisis will lead to avoidance of commitments and of love, distancing oneself from others.
Generativity vs. stagnation is during the middle adulthood, the significant relationship is divided labor and shared household. Resolved adequately one will concern for family, society and future generations. On the other hand the inadequately resolved crisis will have lack of future orientation. Ego-integrity vs.
despair is during the late adulthood. If the other psychosocial crisis have been solved successfully resolved, the mature adult develops adjustment. He works hard, has found his place in life and has developed self concept. He has a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction with his life and is willing to face death.
The other child whose crises where inadequately resolved, will be disgusted with life and despair over death. During the ages of 6 to puberty I had trouble with fitting in with the “in crowd”, because I wore glasses and was taller than most of my other classmates. This was the Competence vs. inferiority crisis, as I got older and got contacts, matured in all the right places I began to see my inner beauty and that’s when people started to accept me for who I was.
In conclusion, helping a child through various stages and teaching them positive learning is a complex and difficult task. The best thing you can do is search for ways to accomplish that task and not neglect your child of anything that’s needed.
The Essay on Child Labor: The Future?
Child Labot: The Future? Since the Industrial Revolution, there has been a constant need for labor. As the world becomes more oriented around technology, the world demands more sopisticated methods of productions that increase not only production speed but quality as well. Since computerized production methods seem only to solve one of these demands, the need for human workers still exists. This ...
