Ethical Debate Surrounding Face Transplant
Ethics is the study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by a person; moral philosophy. Ethics is relevant to medicine by people playing God. For example, in the United States of America advances, technology or medicine, high survival rates of disease, compare to Africa how they are less developed and have higher risks of not surviving. This is because there countries don’t have the affordability’s as America or any other wealthy country. In todays society we are able to use technology efficiently and openly as it had improved a lot more. Another reason is that we are able to afford it, so the rate of death has decreased.
There are different factors that affect ethics: the three main ones are; religion, laws and upbringing.
People have different religious beliefs many believe in life after death, most religions have a common theme of judgment in the afterlife. Being a strong believer in a specific religion can be difficult to make decisions when it comes to technology, such as life support machine. It can be very difficult because life support machine helps a person to survive, most religion believe being on a life support or feeding tube is not permissible. This is because this shows that medical professional are playing God and keeping people alive even though this is their duty, but people who are on life support cannot communicate as they are on conscious. If God intended to take someone’s life away, he has the right to but yet again medical professionals help people to keep them alive which suggest that they are interfering with God’s decision.
The Essay on Traditional Societies Life People Modern
The old-traditional way of life has vanished for ever. Today only villages and some small towns remind us of this kind of life, and as time passes, more people choose to abandon traditional way of life, to move to the "big city." Modern way of life has nothing in common with the traditional one. Human habits, values, norms have changed. The most important of these social changes can be observed in ...
Age is another factor that affects ethics for example; younger people are not able to take specific medicine. This would be because some medicine can be strong; if a child would take the medicine the body would automatically reject it, as it can harm the child. Whereas if an older person took the medicine it wouldn’t harm them because their body is a lot stronger then a child’s.
Class is another factor that is relevant to ethics for example being in a higher class you are more beneficial than being in a lower class you are not able to afford specific treatments, for example operations or scans. When a person in lower class has a severe illness he or she would not be able to get treatment. This would be because they are not able to afford the amount of money. The outcome of this illness can lead to death. However if a higher class person has an illness he would be able to get a treatment as he would be able to afford for treatment.
Ethics is related to medicine because last century people would die because there was no advanced technology, but now we have advanced technology more people are surviving. We have more advanced technology like MRI scans, CT scans, X-rays etc. An example of people playing God would be IVF treatment. IVF means In-Vitro-Fertilization. In the normal sexual process sperm and ovum unite in the fallopian tube of uterus in a female body. When this normal process become impossible then fertilization is done out of female body or better to say in a test tube, this process is called In-Vitro-Fertilization and the zygote, i.e. the product of fertilization is being inserted into the uterus of the same female body who contributes ovum. Times in the last century were very different compared to now because, IVF treatment was not found so people could not have babies successfully. The technology then was not advanced compared to today, as IVF treatment is taking place.
The Essay on Body scans and Bottleneck case
a. How long does it take for a patient to go through the process? 19.5 mins b. What is the labor content for the nurse and technologist? For nurse is 16 mins, as for technician is 6.5 mins c. What resource is the bottleneck? Nurse’s ten minutes process after the CT scan d. What is the capacity of the process? One patient for 19.5 mins, 3.08 patient per hour. e. What is net margin per hour? $1,301/ ...
A flexible tube that is inserted through the pharynx and into the oesophagus and stomach and through which liquid food is passed.
Some people would not consider IVF. This is because some religions believe you should not get technology or any other medicine involved in making a baby. This shows that the medical professionals are playing God and are getting involved in God’s plan. Some religions say that if you cannot conceive a baby naturally you are able to foster rather than getting technology involved. The religions that oppose IVF or any other fertilisation are Catholics, the strong believers of Christianity. These religions are really strict when it comes to technology and medicine that involves the human body.
Another debate that has happened is the Isabelle Dinoire case. Isabelle Dinoire was bitten by her Labrador dog, this happened because she tried to commit suicide by taking sleeping pills and she became unconscious. When her Labrador bit her she had a missing nose, chin and lips. She wore a face mask to cover her face as she didn’t want others to see her missing parts of her face in horror. In November 2005 she had a partial face transplant in France which took at least took 15 hours. Before the operation she wasn’t able to communicate, either eating or speaking. After the successful operation she was able to speak and eat, but she still found it difficult to cope with her side effects of the operation. The part of the face was from a donor who committed suicide by hanging herself. Two days later she looked at her face in the mirror, “I was scared to look at myself”. This shows that she was unsure about the way she looked.
MRI scan is a scan where doctors can see inside the body without cutting it open. They are able to see inside the human body which produces a picture of the human structure. MRI shows the medical professional the tissues in your body whether they are affected or something is wrong with them so they can know how to improve it.
MRI scan was used in the Dinoire’s case, to see whether the brain was still functioning when they told Isabelle to try and move her mouth or her lips. This showed that her brain was still functioning to the things that the mouth was doing. The MRI scan showed the nerves and the muscles, they were still functioning as usual. If they didn’t use the MRI scan they wouldn’t be able to see whether the brain was still functioning. Without the MRI scan they wouldn’t be able to see whether the brain is functioning or when the mouth is moving. Therefore this is a piece of assistive technology.
The Essay on Face Transplant
Ever since 2008, the United States has witnessed several face transplantation, giving people who have severely damaged their face new lives through partially or totally different faces from donors. It has never been an easy task when someone receives a new face. The surgery requires tedious amounts of effort from medical specialists to make it happen. The patient then has to adapt to their new ...
Another technology used that was used on Isabelle during the operation was, face mapping. This was used to see how the donor could be placed on Dinoire face and if it would be a perfect match. This had made the face transplant easier as the surgeons new what they were doing. The computer would show the different 2D which was done in the computer to show how the operation would be done and what is going to happen when doing it, it was like a plan of the operation. The doctors would look at the blood vessels and what veins would go where and they would decide together and they would also the outcome of it. Face mapping is helpful in face transplant this is because it can detect the nerves that are still functioning in the brain or in the face itself. It also shows the image of the face in 2D and in 3D, this will help the surgeons by it will give a plan on how to attach the face to the person. The face mapping will be a guide line to the surgeons. If there wasn’t a face mapping software this would make it difficult for the surgeons to operate because they would fail the operation.
To conclude the essay, I feel that the end result of the case to the use of assistive technology was good. This is because the use of technology helped Dinoire to survive from her severe accident. I feel that without the facilities such as the CT scan and face mapping, Dinoire would not have been able to survive as her case was brutal.
In Dinoire case, technology had allowed this case to happen; this is because all the technology used in the operation or in the process to get Dinoire better had been very beneficial. This shows that technology is always an advantage when you need it, linking it to another face transplant case, Connie Culp. Culp had her face torn off by a shot gun blast in 2004. Culp a 47 year old, Mother and Grandmother underwent the first full transplant surgery in the U.S. in December, 2008 at the Cleveland Clinic. After the face transplant, she felt proud, and found that kids thought that she was amazing. Culp feels that they should be more donors so that people like her do not feel ashamed of themselves.
The Research paper on The Impact of Classroom Technology on Student Behavior
The impact of classroom technology on student behavior Angeline M. Lavin University of South Dakota Leon Korte University of South Dakota Thomas L. Davies University of South Dakota ABSTRACT The trend toward technology enhanced classrooms has escalated quickly during the past five years as students have become increasingly tech-savvy. Classrooms across the nation have become “wired” and textbook ...
This case is seen to be a success for future patients; this is because in the future the technology is more likely to advance. This show without disadvantage face transplants is most likely to be reliable. Today face transplants are seen to save people lives such as Dinoire. This shows that it will be most likely to save several lives in the future. I feel that the percentage of reliability will increase; this is because they have been several transplants taken in the past that have come out to be successful.
Overall, Dinoire case had ended successful; this is because she had the right facilities to support her when she was going through the face transplant. At the end of the transplant Dinoire was relieved that she had gone ahead with the procedure. This is because she was surprised that she was the first to turn out with a successful transplant. This would case links to an ethical debate, as some people may be against the idea of a donor. This is because people think that it should not be permitted to use another persons face without there consent. The person that they are using as a donor is obviously not alive, so some people feel that it is just wrong. Another opinion is, if God has caused this to happen. So let it be, humans should not try to resolve the matter in any way.
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[ 1 ]. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ethics
[ 2 ]. (25/09/2012)
