Evolution of Healthcare Information Systems
Evolution of Healthcare Information Systems
Filling the gap in health care information technology will support safe, skilled, patient-centered, and successful patient care in a well-timed and appropriate manner. This paper will examine two current health care organizations and compare and contrast various characteristics that embody the form of information systems presently in operation; evaluate the transfer of data 20 years ago and the exchanging of data as of today. In addition, this paper will include two significant events and technology advances that have influenced modern HCIS methods.
The IT system is a collection of information, procedures, individuals, information and technology that blend to deliver results of data that support the health care organization. The health care information system consists of administrative and clinical data. Administrative information systems include financial data and are commonly used for management functions. IT systems have developed throughout the past 20 years so as to become one of the centerpieces of healthcare reform.
Health care IT systems became more prevalent throughout the current U.S. Health Care industry as compared to two decades ago. The use of computers was not used to the degree as of the present day with consideration to patient care, documents and records, billing statements, education, etc. Also discussed in this paper are aspects that concern the comparisons and contrasts of Health Care IT structures used in up to date physician offices as opposed to one of twenty years ago. Technological improvements and key events that influence current HCIS practices will also be taken into account.
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Comparisons and Contrasts
In the early 1990s, doctor offices were for the most part used paper-based patient records that were accumulated in a locked filing cabinet with limited access. Physician orders and prescriptions were all handwritten. Laboratory and x-ray results and details would take quite a few days to take delivery of and evaluated in paper form. Scheduled patients were written in on calendars by the receptionist, and as like today a card with the date and time of next scheduled visit given to the patient as a reminder. Computerized patient data was scarce, except for billing purposes. Since the early ninety’s, computers have developed into more commonly used method in a doctor’s office for scheduling patient visits, assessing lab and radiology results, ordering patient medications, documenting patients visit and teaching.
As of present day, billing and the processing of claims are now incorporated by means of computer systems into the daily activities of the office. The workflow in both surroundings is similar, however, very little else is. Excellent organization and precision have enhanced with utilization of computers leading to a boost in timing from typing, instant access to lab results, alerts that verify if something does not match up with the patient record, notification of potential entry errors, electronic medicine refills, and medical coding and billing. Even though with the use of computers, there have been privacy issues because of the accessibility of patient data, whereby resulting in non-confidentiality.
Two Major Events that Influenced Current HCIS Practices
One of the key occurrences that took place in the 1990s was President Clinton signing of a new law we as a country know as the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996. HIPAA was formed so as to make available more reasonable and available health insurance, requirements to make simpler the organizational procedures and to make available security of Personal Health Information (Wager, 2009).
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In observation to simplifying administrative practices, the new law would mandate an expansion of a central electronic database to include all patient health records in the country. The Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act did not order a federal course of action that safeguards this information if and when misused or involved in the act of theft until Feb. 21, 2000 (Bacon, 1997, pg. 317).
In view of the fact that countless medical records were stored in filing cabinets with minimal access, because of the IT evolution, these records are now stored on computer systems and can be simply copied, accessed and reallocated.
This has resulted in the improvement of greater than before information system security performances that are in now in the position to safeguard patient data from hackers and non- permitted personnel. Consequences, which include penalties and ramifications for mishandling of this information, are in place to increase protection and prevent deceitful acts. Consequently, HIPAA has brought about the requirement for improved IT system safety measures in regard to security, in addition to providing added ease of access to patient data.
The second major event that influenced Current HCIS practices is the modifications with physician compensation with the focal point on disease management and prevention under the managed care model in the 1990s and the pay for performance model in the present day. During the 1990s, doctor offices were compensated a preset sum for each patient in spite of outcomes with a small monetary incentive. Computers were used for the function of billing and preventative health reminders. Computerized alerts and decision support intercessions intended for changing physician performance and conduct have had simply a restricted and erratic effects on medical outcomes (Lester, Zai, Grant, & Chueh, 2008).
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Computers have turn out to be used more in physician offices in the present day with the use of EMRs. Medical doctors are now being compensated on a pay for performance system which hold physicians responsible for the care that is rendered to his or her patients (Schoen, Osborn, Phuong Trang, Doty, Peugh, & Zapert, 2006, pg. 565).
These systems make available a group effort between providers and the right to use to patient data outside of the physician’s office. These events helped to shape our current HCIS practices.
Conclusion
The Internet is the only utmost technological innovation in this era, besides the microcomputer. The internet and the healthcare IT system has transformed the way consumers, providers, and health care professionals obtain health data, correspond with each other, and perform business (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009 pg. 100).
The internet by way of PCs has granted patients right to use to health care data and resources, doctors access to study the most current proof-based verdicts, and access to health care organizations concerning patient detailed health data. With the use of these two technical improvements, existing HCIS practices have been shaped to safeguard the confidentiality of the patient’s health record from getting into the wrong hands.
The operations of a doctor’s office have changed in the past two decades so as to offer the benefit of improved accessibility and efficiency. With the expansion of HIPAA, compensation modifications, the use of computers and the internet, Health Care IT Systems have shaped many policies and put in place as a means of securing patient data.
References
Bacon, G. V. (1997).
Legislative activity: HIPAA and recommendations to protect individual privacy. Journal Of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 25(4), 316. Retrieved January 2, 2011, from EBSCOhost.
Lester, W. T., Zai, A. H., Grant, R. W., & Chueh, H. C. (2008).
Designing healthcare information technology to catalyse change in clinical care. Informatics In Primary Care, 16(1), 9-19. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
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Schoen, C., Osborn, R., Phuong Trang, H., Doty, M., Peugh, J., & Zapert, K. (2006).
On The Front Lines Of Care: Primary Care Doctors’ Office Systems, Experiences, And Views In Seven Countries. Health Affairs, 25w555-w571. Retrieved January 2, 2011, from EBSCOhost
Wager, K., Lee, F. W., & Glaser, J. P. (2009).
Health care information systems: A
practical approach for health care management (2nd ed.).
San Francisco, CA:
Jossey-Bass
