a.
Green Algae and Vascular Plants have clear evolutionary relationships. Both Green algae and vascular plants have many similarities displaying this fact. Just a few of these similarities include that both groups have chloroplasts with chlorophyll b and beta-carotene (for getting food), chloroplasts of similar structure, chemically similar cellulose in cell wall, similar peroxismes (which contain enzymes), alike Mitosis and cytokinesis processes (reproduction), similar sperm ultrastructure, and similar rRNA structure (shows similarity at a genetic level).
These two structures do of course differ, because the vascular plants are much further evolved than the Algae. A few of these likely acquired traits are Xylem, and Phloem, which transport both water and food throughout the plant much like the veins in our body transport oxygen through veins and arteries, though Xylem unlike Phloem use passive transport to accomplish this. The cuticle, or waxy covering of the vascular plants, allowing them to survive perhaps better, especially when supplied with less water, helps prevent evaporation of water from the vascular plants, allowing them to grow easily away from shallow water, which much of the algae depend on. There are many other evolved traits which the vascular plants possess as well.
Though there are differences, clearly Green Algae has an evolutionary relationship to Green Algae. The multiple structural similarities, and advancements of the vascular plants clearly show Vascular plants have a somewhat close evolutionary relationship with Greene Algae.
The Essay on The Plant Kingdom
Plants provide nourishment for our bodies and souls. With the help of protists and fungi, plants provide the oxygen we breathe and the food that sustains us — either directly or indirectly, by feeding other animals. Plants provide shade over our heads and cool carpets under our feet while surrounding us with beautiful colors and marking the change of seasons. Prominent plants give us a ...
b.
Prokaryotes, and Eukaryotes also share evolutionary relationships. Basic similarities between these organisms include, having nucleic acids (genetic connection), Chromosome(s), possession of ribosomes( site for creating of polypeptides), having cell membranes and walls (protection and structure), reproduction by fission(splitting), and so on.
There are certain complex traits possessed by the Eukaryotes, which suggest they +may have evolved further than the Prokaryotes. A few of these differences which suggest complexity/evolution include The Eukaryote’s possession of a true nucleus, a double membrane, with nuclear pores (allow certain things in/out), distinct and multiple chromosomes, cellular organelles, multicellularity, Flagella (Allowing reproduction in some cases and movement), and in some cases sperm and egg reproduction.
All of these traits are clearly more complicated than that of the Prokaryotes, while many of them seem to have developed further. Though certainly complexity doesn’t always indicate who is most fit, the case is often this, as demonstrated by both of the above comparisons. This clearly displays the evolutionary relationships between these two organisms.
