“Existence precedes essence.” These are the few words that many people live by. These words describe a philosophy called Existentialism. The philosophical term, Existentialism, came from Jean Paul Sartre, a French philosopher. Jean Paul Sartre wrote “No Exit”, where he portrayed his philosophy negatively. On the other hand, Albert Camus, who wrote The Stranger, portrayed Existentialism positively through his characters. Each author uses the characteristics of Existentialism positively or negatively to define their own story as well as their characters as true Existentialists or not Existentialism has been described as a philosophical movement especially of the 20 th century that stresses the individual position as self determining agent responsible for his or her own choices.
Basically a true Existentialist will create their own beliefs, take responsibility for his of her own actions, and is very honest. If they were to do something wrong, they would take responsibility for their actions and not make excuses or put the blame on someone else. Furthermore, a true existentialist believes there is no God and thus man becomes alone with only ourselves as a guide to making the decisions that define our existence. They also believe that Life has no meaning and that everything happens by chance. Jean-Paul Sartre examines the basic themes of existentialism through his three characters Garcin, Inez, and Estelle. Garcin seems to appear an existentialist, but upon a closer look, he violates the rules time and again.
The Essay on Existentialism Philosophical Sartre Categories
... to Sartre's philosophy alone. But while a philosophical definition of existentialism may ... s. Among the major philosophers identified as existentialists (many of whom - for instance ... (Kaufmann 1968: 12), namely, its character as a gesture of protest against ... conscripted; in Paris there were Jean Genet, Andr'e Gide, Andr'e Malraux, ... reason. But while it is true that the major existential philosophers ...
Next, Inez seems to fully understand ideas deemed existential. Estelle is the third person, and does not seem to understand these ideas well, nor does she accept them when they are first presented to her. One similarity amongst the three is that they all at some point seem to accept that they are in “hell” for a reason. Garcin is “hell” because he beat his wife and cheated on her. However, he doesn’t wish he had acted differently. He shows and proves this when he says: “I tell you I regret nothing (p.
24).” By saying this, Garcin is taking responsibility for his own actions; hence he is following the laws of Existentialism. However, he sometimes violates these laws. For example, he is so preoccupied with the idea that he is a coward that he makes the women tell him that he wasn’t a coward and makes her tell him that he was right in doing so. He is so dependent upon this that he wouldn’t get involved with Estelle until she tells him what he wants to hear. Again Garcin is showing his Non-existential characteristics because he shouldn’t have to rely on another for confidence or want other people to judge him. Inez is in “hell” because she had stolen her cousin’s wife, then conspired to make his life miserable, until he finally he killed himself.
She had also brought guilt upon Florence and then she killed Inez by poisoning her with gas. Then after she killed Inez, she committed suicide. Inez doesn’t regret anything she has done. She proves this by saying: “I was what some people down there called ‘a damned bitch (p. 25),’ “, “You know, I don’t regret a thing (p. 25).” , and “Human feeling.
That’s beyond my range. I’m rotten to the core.” . Here Inez is proving that she isn’t an Existentialist because a true Existentialist is supposed to believe in rejecting bad things such as cruelty, sins, and oppression. She has told us that she is cruel and that she wishes the worst things for other people. Inez also got very jealous easy when Estelle and Garcin were close.
She started saying bad things about everyone. She asked Estelle: “Estelle, do you like cowards?” . Here she is saying that Garcin is a coward to get back at him. This proves that Inez isn’t very responsible, doesn’t believes in rejecting bad things, and isn’t very honest. Inez also violates the existentialist idea that everything is based on luck, nothing happens for a purpose, when she persists in telling the others that they have been put there together for a purpose. An example of this is when she says, “Mere Chance? Nothing was left to chance.
The Essay on Hell And Enslavement In Sartres No Exit
Hell and Enslavement. In Sartre's No Exit Sartre, the most famous of the existentialist thinkers, wrote No Exit in 1944. It was first performed in Paris during the Nazi occupation. Sartre was a POW during the occupation, but escaped punishment from the Nazis. There is obviously an overall question pertaining to the play in terms of its relation to the historical period and the atrocities that were ...
This room was all set for us.” Estelle is probably the most Non-existentialist in the story. She is in “hell” because she committed adultery, killing her new baby, and making her lover commit suicide. However, in the beginning of the story, she can’t believe that she is in “hell.” She shows this when she says, “That’s just it. I haven’t a notion, not the foggiest. In fact, I’m wondering if there hasn’t been some ghastly mistake (p. 15).” She also has an obsession of her looks and how people perceive and judge her.
“No, I can’t do without a looking-glass for ever and ever. I simply can’t (p. 19).” Here she is saying how if she can’t see herself she won’t be able to survive. She is also trying to impress Garcin, whom she seeks for comfort and pleasure but is ultimately rejected by him. There is evidence, however, that she begins to understand existentialist concepts when she accepts her sentence to “hell” and when she says, “It’s mere chance that has brought us together (p. 14).” Moreover in The Stranger, Albert Camus uses his character, Meursault, as a prefect example of a perfect Existentialist.
He portrays almost every characteristic that a true Existentialism should have. By killing the Arab, Meursault basically created his own moral code and he took responsibility for his actions. He had no real reason for killing the Arab, although he just says that the sun got in his eyes. He doesn’t make up a story to cover himself; he just comes out and tells us. Another way he proves to be an Existentialist is the way he acted at his mother’s funeral. He goes completely against all the traditional values and doesn’t show his mom any respect.
The Essay on Established Views Meursault Life Existentialist
Nihilism is, literally, the belief in nothing. Originally the term was used to attack accused heretics during the middle ages. Over time, however, the term became applied to a particular branch of philosophy, a radical form of skepticism maintaining the nonexistence of any objective basis for truth. From this standpoint they demanded the complete rejection of all established views and ...
In simpler terms, Meursault is a freed individual. He is separate from everyone else. He even shows this in his relationship with Marie. They swim together all afternoon and see a movie that evening after his mom’s funeral. Afterward, they spend the night.
After a short time, Marie asks Meursault if he loves her, and Meursault says: “he probably doesn’t.” When she asks him if he wants to get married, he says: “that he will if she wants. It makes no difference to him.” In part two of the novel, Meursault again shows us how he does what he wants and doesn’t care what others think of him. At his own murder trial, he doesn’t care what happens to him. He is just sitting in the courtroom looking at the trial and not trying to defend himself. Even the prosecutor tries to use the absence of Meursault’s emotional attachment to his mother becomes a primary focus of his argument.
The prosecute r uses this to try to prove that he is a monster. Finally, Meursault got angry when a priest came to him and tried to talk to him about his religion. Existentialism is a philosophy that I believe wouldn’t really work in today’s society. Mostly everyone today is very superficial and cares what other people think and say about them. Furthermore, if they were to adopt this theory they would be breaking the law by creating their own moral code and doing whatever they want to do. So personally I don’t think this philosophy would work nor do I believe it would work legally.
But Sartre and Camus both displayed views on Existentialism. In “No Exit”, Sartre displays it in a negative way with his characters and Camus displayed it positively through Meursault.
