The Critique of Mary Flannery O?Connor?s Spirituality-Versus-Evil Works Flannery O?Connor?s use of the underlying theme, spirituality-versus-evil, is represented in the short stories ?A Good Man Is Hard to Find?, ?Everything That Rises Must Converge?, and ?Revelation?. Flannery O?Connor?s Success comes from the use of her beliefs in religion and God, and from the Women?s College of Georgia, where she studied social sciences (Friedman and Clark 38).
O?Connor expresses God in all three of these short stories, however she also writes about ?the intoxication with God?is Satan? (Hyman, pp.32-37).
In this critical essay over the three works by Flannery O?Connor listed above, I will discuss the formal commonalities of spirituality-versus-evil and how O?Connor?s background in religion impacts ?Revelation?. In Flannery O?Connor?s ?A Good Man Is Hard to Find?, one is struck by the unexpected violence at the end of the story. No one would expect to read ?the worst of O?Connor?s tragic events?the extermination of an entire family? (Pawlson 86).
However, if one re-reads the story a second time, one will see definite signs that foreshadow the grotesque ending. In ?A Good Man Is Hard to Find?, O?Connor demonstrates the natural forces of spirituality-versus-evil; the grandmother reacts in a kind manner when she is threatened with sheer terror by the Misfit (Friedman and Lawson 34).
O?Connor uses the symbolic character Jesus Christ, to equal the amount of evil in this story. ?Jesus! You?ve got good blood! I know you wouldn?t shoot a lady!? (O?Connor 362).
The Essay on Flannery O’Connor’s “Good Country People”
Pride of Intellect Versus Corruptness of the Heart in Flannery O'Connor's “Good Country People”Much of Flannery O'Connor's writing shows how she thinks the heart is dark and complex: a battlefield of mixed emotions such as greed and religious feelings. Her writing connects with violence and shows how cruel and unusual a corrupt heart can be. “Good Country People” has the shattering encounter of ...
The story begins with the typical nuclear family being challenged by the grandmother who doesn’t want to take the vacation to Florida. She has read about a crazed killer by the name of The Misfit who is on the run heading for Florida. Unfortunately, she is ignored by every member of the family except for the little girl, June Star, who can read the grandmother like an open book. The fact that she admonishes Bailey, her son, of this Misfit and “what it [the Journal] says he did to these people” foreshadows the evil actions that will happen to them (O?Connor 352).
Additionally, the morning of the trip the grandmother is the first one in the car ready to travel as June Star predicted she would be, “She wouldn?t stay at home for a million bucks. She has to go everywhere we go” (O?Connor 118).
This can be read as a direct foreshadowing of the grandmother?s death. As one reads the story, one wonders why every time Bobby Lee and Hiram take someone into the forest, they never come back. Eventually, the whole family is taken to die. June Star?s comment that the grandmother goes everywhere the family goes can be read as an indication that she will meet the same end that they did. Furthermore, although the grandmother did not want to go to Florida, she ironically dresses in her ?Sunday best?. It is ironic because when people die, they are often buried in their ?Sunday best?. She was dressed very nicely with ?a navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dress?Her collars and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace.? (O?Connor 353).
All of the events that have taken place so far are foreshadowing evil directly on the family.
As the trip progresses, the children reveal themselves as funny, spoiled brats. O’Connor’s desire to illustrate the lost respect for the family and elders among the young is quite apparent in her illustrations of the children. One evidently notices another foreshadowing image when the family “passed by a cotton field with five or six graves fenced in the middle of it, like a small island” (O?Connor 354).
It is not an accident that the number of graves “five or six” matches the exact number of people in the car. There are 5 people and a baby. Since a baby is not exactly a full complete person, the obscureness of the number of graves being “five or six” is appropriate.
The Essay on June Star Grandmother Children Family
In Flannel O? Conner? s, ? A Good Man is Hard to Find? a great deal of irony is used to express her views on how society and culture in the present day and how it has changed from the past. O? Connor used the family? s grandmother as a key component in the story because of her personality and also because of her old age. She was able to show her feeling about the deterioration of respect for ...
The grandmother?s reference to the plantation as “gone with the wind” can be seen as an image symbolizing the family?s state at the end of the story (O?Connor 354).
Their souls are “gone with the wind” as well upon death. Similarly, it is almost comical how O?Connor sets her readers up for the ending of the story. For example, the name of the town where the Misfit kills them is “Toombsboro” (O?Connor 356).
The word Toombsboro can be divided into two words: Tombs and Bury. Put together with a slight southern accent gives the word “Tombsbury” which is very close to “Toombsboro”. Another quite interesting imagery is when the grandmother asks the Misfit, “What did you do to get sent to the penitentiary that first time?” (O?Connor 361).
His answer further foreshadows the death of the family. He says, “?Turn to the right, it was a wall,? looking up again at the cloudless sky. ?Turn to the left, it was a wall. Look up it was a ceiling, look down it was a floor?” (O?Connor 361).
This description, although used for a jail cell, it could also apply to a tight grave. Wherever a soul looks, they will see a wall, indicating where the grandmother will be once the Misfit is finished with them. Additionally, another foreshadowing image is shown in the Misfit and the grandmother?s conversation towards the end. He says “Does it seem right to you, lady, that one is punished a heap and another ain?t punished at all?” (O?Connor 362).
As readers, we can see that the Misfit will kill the grandmother. After all she “ain?t punished” for her crimes of hypocrisy and lying. As shown later in the essay, the Misfit plays God and inflicts punishment where he deems necessary. Finally, the grandmother iterates in her conversation with the Misfit about the importance of prayer. ?I know you come from nice people! Pray!? (O?Connor 362).
Her emphasis on the importance of prayer symbolizes her realization of death. It is a common Christian practice for a priest to spend the last hours of a dying person?s life with them. In ?A Good Man Is Hard to Find?, the Misfit represents an angered priest, or even Jesus. The Grandmother reminds the Misfit of ?the actuality of evil and the need for God? (Farmer 97).
The Essay on Agree Wit Sloan Misfit Grandmother
Summary and Critique of Two Articles on O Connor s A Good Man is Hard to Find The article Flannery O Connor s A Good Man is Hard to Find: The Moment of Grace by Michael Clark focuses on the climax of the story: the Grandmother s final act, her touching of the misfit, and its religious and realistic implications. Clark questions her last gesture by asking, Should the Grandmother s final act- her ...
It does not say this in the text, although it is a fact that is understood in the closing lines of the story. The Misfit murders the grandmother, he says, ?It?s no real pleasure in life? (O?Connor 363).
He also plays a judge, jury and executioner to the grandmother. This short story is a primary reflection upon O?Connor?s spirituality-versus-evil writings. Flannery O?Connor uses strong imagery to foreshadow evil to her readers the inevitable ending of “A Good Man Is Hard to Find.” She first gives her readers an inkling of the ending by mentioning the Misfit?s evil murderous tendencies, peaking her reader?s curiosity. She then uses numerous images such as the grandmother?s dress, the graveyard, and the conversation with the Misfit to further feed our curiosity. Her foreshadowing images are both strong and obscure, so as not to spoil the surprising ending of the story.
Flannery O’Connor seemed to have great time writing ?Everything That Rises Must Converge?. It is very fast moving and a little satirical. This story reflects on her childhood and beliefs as a Christian. Unlike ?A Good Man Is Hard to Find?, ?Everything That Rises Must Converge? has a few symbolic meaning of spirituality towards God. Flannery O?Connor says, ?I write the way I do?because I am Catholic? (Wyatt 66).
?All her stories are about the action of grace on a character who is not very willing to accept it? (Wyatt 66).
In this story, the mother would be defined as a person who is ?not willing to accept it?, and the same applies to the grandmother in ?A Good Man Is Hard to Find? (Wyatt 66).
O?Connor surprises us at the end of the story with the death of the protagonist, the mother. There is an underlying understanding of spirituality-versus-evil in the plot of ?Everything That Rises Must Converge?.
First of all, there is a racist bias in which we would consider an evil trait in our present time. However, Flannery O?Connor wrote all of her stories and novels in the mid-twentieth century when it was not considered to be an evil trait. During that time (World War II), it was a commonality between people to believe in racism. The mother is an overweight lady of some age over fifty who is very opinionated about everything (O?Connor 340).
The Essay on Goodman Brown Stories Gary Evil
No matter what period of time you live in there is always the thought in everyone's mind of the devil or some type of evil spirit. These two short stories, Young Goodman Brown and The Man in the Black Suit, took place in different time periods. However, both of these main characters thought of some evil being in existence and had encounters with these evil beings. Both of these stories took place ...
Her weird hat that she fusses all over about, is something that seems to get everybody’s attention. ?It was a hideous hat. A purple velvet flap came down on one side of it and stood up on the other; the rest of it was green and looked like a cushion with the stuffing out? (O?Connor 341).
?This hat is symbolic to the story because later in the story, a huge black woman with a small child sits in front of her on the bus wearing the same hat? (Magill 735).
Realizing this, she is astonished and feels put down by someone who she downgrades in society. The mother gives a lot of emphasis on the formal things. She finds it preposterous to be accompanied into town by a son that is not wearing a tie, and she cannot show up for her weight loss class if she is not wearing hat and gloves; for that is the only way that she knows. Those little things seem to be the ones that give her status, because those are the ones that gave status to the “ladies” when she was a young girl. We can also compare that the central character in this story is very similar to the grandmother in ?A Good Man Is Hard to Find?.
Her son, Julian, whose aspects and viewpoints on life dominate the story, considers the black woman?s hat as a humorous insult to his mother. Julian is a person very unlike his mother. He wants to be different from his mother because she represents everything from the ?South which affronts his sense of decency and decorum? (Browning 101).
He is a college graduate and is very much in touch with himself. You could also say that he is also a very open minded person that knows what kind of world he lives in (O?Connor 341).
He makes it a point opposing his mother all the time and trying to bring her head down from the clouds to the harsh reality that she does not live in the plantation anymore with the all of the slaves around. Furthermore, he is always looking for a way to teach his mother a lesson, and he usually would prefer a cruel one (Brinkmeyer 70).
The Essay on Aeuroedaddy Aeur Story Girl Mother
In the short story, ^aEURoeDaddy^aEUR, by Jan Clausen, the narrator is a young girl with divorced parents. She lives with her biological mother, who is now a lesbian. The mother has a female friend named Carolyn. Carolyn, s relationship with the mother is not clearly defined, but one can assume she is the mother, s new lover. Sundays are the days when the little girl goes to her father, s house, ...
Julian has images of violence a few times in the story, as he could smack her as he would his own child, only he would smack her with pleasure (O?Connor 347).
Another example of Julian?s evil is when he gazes at his mother, and describes her as being ?purple-faced, shrunken to the dwarf-like proportions of her moral nature, sitting like a mummy beneath the ridiculous manner of her hat? (O?Connor 347).
?Julian?s gaze is cruelly reductive, distorting his mother into a thoroughly grotesque figure (something is made clear throughout the story that she is not) devoid of humanity? (Brinkmeyer 70).
O?Connor presents Julian as the evil one in this story, which relates to the Misfit in ?A Good Man Is Hard to Find?. The fact that the black lady is wearing the same hideous hat shows us that there is a mixing of cultures; things are not the same as they used to be. The colored lady seems to have an attitude on the bus, although the mother does not see it in any aspect. She soon finds this out when she tries to give the child a penny, and the black lady swings at her with her purse, knocking the mother down. Again, O?Connor uses the element of evil to foreshadow that something tragic is about to happen. Julian feels superior to his mother after this incident, until he realizes that she is having a stroke. The mother dies shortly after the black woman knocked her down. Julian feels sorrow and guilt when he realizes the events that have taken place, and he realizes that what he detests about his mother, he also ?loves and longs for? (Browning 101).
O?Connor displays her remarkable technique in writing by changing Julian to a spiritual character at the end of this story. An evil sense is present throughout this story at all times. However, Flannery O?Connor did not use her ?consummate skill? when describing the mother as an ordinary person with narrow thoughts and visions (Magill 736).
?Generational Conflict, racial confrontation, and sudden death?are all there?displaying themselves either as tawdry and mean spirited or as absurdly comic? (Magill 736).
Flannery O?Connor?s short-story ?Revelation?, tells another story about a protagonist woman who has a racial and class bias. However, ?Revelation? does not involve a death or a sudden surprise at the end of the story. Ruby Turpin, the protagonist of ?Revelation?, is sitting in a doctor?s lobby waiting for treatment on Claud?s (her husband) leg. As she is waiting she talks with some of the other patients who are also waiting on the doctor. Mrs. Turpin talks with a few of the patients, and she becomes overwhelmingly annoyed with a Wellesley student who has her eyes fixed on her with an evil look (O?Connor 366).
The Essay on Comparison of Frank O’Connor Short Stories
Comparison of Frank O’Connor’s Three Short Stories In the three short stories written by Frank O’Connor, he depicts the narrator’s relationship with family similar in his short stories. In all three short stories, “My Oedipus Complex”, “First Confession”, and “Masculine Protest”, O’Connor portrays the narrator as a young aged boy whose relationship with each family member has a unique similarity ...
Mrs. Turpin did not think much of the girl, Mary Grace, thinking to herself how ugly and fat she was (O?Connor 366).
She also classified the lady sitting next to Mary Grace?s mother as white trash, and was fortunate of how lucky she was to not be a ?nigger? or white trash (O?Connor 366-367).
The reader soon realizes that Mrs. Turpin is usually self-centered, and thinks that she is in an elite class of people.
Mary Grace displays her anger towards Mrs. Turpin by throwing the book in her hands at Mrs. Turpin, in which it strikes her ?over her left eye? (O?Connor 372).
Again, O?Connor displays violence in her writing to give Mary Grace an evil character. However, this act of evil and violence was brought on by Mrs. Turpin, who was putting down ?niggers? and ?white trash? (O?Connor 365-371).
Mary also displays another act of evil by telling Mrs. Turpin to ?Go back to hell where you came from, you old wart hog? (O?Connor 372).
As Mrs. Turpin thinks about this incident later in the story, she becomes angry and cannot stop thinking about what happened in the doctor?s office that day. This is a strong showing of the presence of spirituality-versus-evil in ?Revelation?. To explain, Mrs. Turpin is racist and expresses herself to others as a snobbish, stuck-up woman while being aware of her surroundings and consequences. However, she is a person that believes in God, which is another commonality in O?Connor?s works. We have seen the protagonist of every story discussed earlier as having some sort of spiritual belief in God. Mrs. Turpin has an underlying trait that takes on an important role in ?Revelation?: she attempts to dominate not only race and class, but also other men and women (Havird 15).
This role is important because this gives her character evilness, which is combined with her spirituality. This causes extreme conflict in her ?inner self?. At the end of the story, O?Connor uses a symbol, in which the reader thinks to be heaven. O?Connor foreshadows this when Mrs. Turpin talks to God, asking him why he sent such a message to her when there are so many more people who are more deserving (377).
Furthermore, she visualizes a bridge and sees all of the black people and the white trash, but she only sees their souls (O?Connor 377).
Lastly, she sees herself at the bottom and begins to question herself if she is one of God?s chosen ones. As she leaves this vision of peace, she can only hear the voices of the souls singing hallelujah. Unlike ?A Good Man Is Hard to Find? and ?Everything That Rises Must Converge?, ?Revelation? displays O?Connor?s ability to let the reader make up their conclusion at the end of the story. ?Revelation? differs slightly when discussing spirituality-versus-evil in ?A Good Man Is Hard To Find?, and ?Everything That Rises Must Converge? because it has a stronger ?spiritual? side. The main reason for this is because O?Connor wrote this with ?religious implications of O?Connor?s Biblical allusions in the story? (Schroeder 75).
O?Connor has a strong background in religion, and this influenced almost, if not all of her works. Another spiritually-versus-evil trait in ?Revelation? is the fact that Mrs. Turpin might not be ?one of God?s chosen? (Schroeder 79).
This piece was mainly influenced on O?Connor?s beliefs, which reflect her moral faults (Schroeder 79).
In conclusion, Flannery O?Connor uses many commonalities in her short fiction articles ?A Good Man Is Hard to Find?, ?Everything That Rises Must Converge?, and ?Revelation? to show both sides of spirituality and evil. Although the spirituality-versus-evil theme is not actually written in these stories, O?Connor makes it very clear through the use of foreshadowing that the terror of Satan and the good will of God are present. O?Connor?s belief in Christianity helps us explain why she uses such themes as spirituality and evil. ?Our time concerns not religion so much as religion?but as radical Christological belief? (Wood 1).
Bibliography:
Works Cited Brinkmeyer, Robert H. Jr. The Art and Vision of Flannery O?Connor. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State UP, 1989. Browning, Preston M. Jr. Flannery O?Connor. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois UP, 1974. Farmer, Joe A. ?Mary Hood and the Speed of Grace: Catching Up with Flannery O?Connor.? Studies in Short Fiction. 33 (1996): 91-99. Friedman, Melvin J. and Beverly Lyon Clark. Critical Essays on Flannery O?Connor. Boston: G.K. Hall and Company, 1985. Friedman, Melvin J. and Lewis A Lawson, Eds. The Added Dimension: The Art and Mind of Flannery O?Connor. New York: Fordham UP, 1977. Havird, David. ?The Saving Rape: Flannery O?Connor and Patriarchal Religion.? The Mississippi Quarterly. Winter, 1993-1994: 15-26. Hyman, Stanley Edgar. ?University of Minnesota Pamphlets on American Writers.? 54 (1966) Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed. Riley, Carolyn. V.1. Detroit: Gale, 1973. 253-259. Magill, Frank N, Ed. ?Everything That Rises Must Converge.? Masterplots II: Short Story Series. Pasadena and Engelwood Cliffs: Salem Press, 1986. O?Connor, Flannery. ?A Good Man Is Hard to Find.? Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gloria. 7th ed. New York: Longman, 1999. O?Connor, Flannery. ?Everything That Rises Must Converge.? Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gloria. 7th ed. New York: Longman, 1999. O?Connor, Flannery. ?Revelation.? Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gloria. 7th ed. New York: Longman, 1999. Pawlson, Suzanne Morrow. Flannery O?Connor: A Study of the Short Fiction. Ed. Gordon Weaver. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1988. Schroeder, Michael L. ?Ruby Turpin, Job, and Mystery: Flannery O?Connor on the Question of Knowing.? The Flannery O?Connor Bulletin. 21 (1992): 75-83. Wood, Ralph C. ?Flannery O?Connor, H.L. Mencken, and the Southern Agrarians: A Dispute Over Religion More Than Religion.? The Flannery O?Connor Bulletin. 20 (1991): 91-99. Wyatt, Bryan N. ?The Domestic Dynamics of Flannery O?Connor: Everything that Rises Must Converge.? Twentieth Century Literature. Spring 1992: 66-88.
