There were numerous events at the turn of the nineteenth century. They can be best characterized as the French Revolution, Napoleon?s reign, and the Congress of Vienna. The French Revolution consisted of the numerous revolts of the Third Estate against the monarch, Louis XVI. Napoleon?s reign consisted of numerous conquests, totaling in most of Europe, and ending in a few tragic errors and miscalculations on his part that would cause him the throne. The Congress of Vienna was a one-year convention in Vienna, Austria, amongst leaders of European empires who gathered in an attempt to reorganize and restructure the European continent. I strongly believe that these events did not meet the goals of the French Revolution set by the people of France. During the late 1700s, France?s people were divided into three so-called Estates, First being the clergy, Second the noblemen, and Third, making up 97 percent of the total French population, the lower-middle and lower class. These social rankings hereditarily, meaning one could not move around them, at least higher up the scale. Some of the members of the Third Estate, everyone but the artisans and peasants also belonged to a group known as the bourgeoisie, or the middle class.
This group included lawyers, merchants, and business managers, who lived in the towns and cities. They were very well educated, but lived in ridiculous conditions, sometimes in slums. During this period there were a few rules and principles enforced that seemed unfair to the Third Estate. First of all, the First and Second Estates, three percent of the population, owned thirty percent of the land. They worked based on the feudal principles, forcing the peasants to give up their last penny to pay rent to the nobles. In addition, the Third Estate was the only ones paying taxes at the time, when they had the least amount of money and property. Also, the Third Estate did not have any say in which laws and rules were made, leaving a tiny fraction of the population deciding for all the people of France. There were the major causes of the French revolution, discussed later on. In 1774, Louis XVI took over as the new king of France, inheriting her financial crisis from his grandfather, Louis XV. He attempted to decrease it by trying to tax the nobility and clergy, however they refused. In 1789, he called upon the Estate-General to meet in Versailles, delegates representing each estate. The First and Second Estate, with a common goal, wanted to team up and outnumber the Third Estate, which refused to such representation and demanded that each representative vote individually.
The Essay on French American Revolution Americans Rights People
The American and French Revolutions took place between 1775 and 1789. Though they were closely related chronologically, the two revolutions were interrelated in several other important ways than just time itself. In the late eighteenth century the ideas of liberty and equalities were beginning to flourish throughout the world, especially in Europe and in America (p. 691). Part of this was believed ...
The king refused this, thus locking them out of the Estates-General. Prohibited entrance, the representatives gathered in a nearby tennis court and called themselves the National Assembly, and signing the Tennis Court Oath, refusing to end the meeting until a French constitution has been drafted. The result was the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which incorporated in it Enlightment ideas concerning equal rights and natural law. Nonetheless, the king refused to accept it. Many revolts and riots followed this. There were even rumors of the plan to overthrow the king. The royal family did find out about it and attempted to emigrate out of France two times, both unsuccessfully. The people then, seeing the weakness of their ruler, attacked his palace, killing all the guards and overthrowing the king. This event finally triggered the French Revolution and a new French republic was created, the National Convention playing the leading role in the French government. A man by the name of Maximilien Robespierre, an idealist with thoughts for drastic changes towards perfection, finally took over, naming himself the leader of the Convention and killing all opposition during the Terror.
The Essay on French kings
The statement is true because the first feudal age was a time when the previous world order collapsed. It was ruined by a massive barbarian invasion that destroyed old institutions of “civilized” existence. Europe was ruled by numerous feudal leaders that led endless wars against each other. In such situation most of the people felt insecure and desired to be protected here and now. ...
Claiming he wanted to turn France into a democratic and ideal nation, he was merely hungry for power and did everything to get it. He was finally executed in a trial based on his own laws, marking the end of the Terror in 1794. Following this series of events, the Convention drafted a new constitution, putting in charge five men called the directors, comprising the Directory. While the directory was dealing with this matter, a new hero was developing, conquering many European armies larger than his at an age where he was just becoming an adult. Napoleon, at the age of 26, had conquered most of Europe and was now coming home to France as a proclaimed savior, believed to have been able to do the same magic in the government as he had on the battlefield, and overthrew the Directory. In 1799, he proclaimed a new constitution actually setting up a dictatorship, the executive branch with three members, consuls, himself as the First Consul. Napoleon did however, somewhat fulfill the goals of the French Revolution. He placed education under the government?s control and provided scholarships for students of poor families, giving them a chance to get an education. He also established the Bank of France and ordered every citizen to pay taxes.
Lastly, he established the Napoleonic code, providing equality before the law, religious toleration, and promotion based on good demeanor. Nonetheless, he did, in 1804, take the crown from Pope Pius VII and placed it on his own head, declaring himself the divine ruler of France. By now, Napoleon had conquered almost every country of Europe except England. He thought that he could weaken her by preventing all trade with the country, establishing the Continental System. However, the plan backfired when England mirrored his plan and ended up hurting France?s economy more than its own. This was one of the few faults Napoleon was yet to have made. This was followed by several miscalculations on the battlefield as well as the predictability of his plans, which helped the Duke of Wellington finally defeat Napoleon at Waterloo in June of 1815 and forcing him to leave France for St. Helena, spending the rest of his life there. During his reign, Napoleon caused a major chaos in Europe. Something had to be done about it. The Congress of Vienna attempted to play that role. Prince Klemens von Metternich gathered major rulers of Europe: Russia?s Czar Alexander I, Great Britain?s Lord Robert Castlereagh, as well as Prince Maurice de Talleyrand representing France at that time.
The Essay on Relationship Between Europe European Countries War
Nearly two and half centuries ago, the European colonists built their first nation on the North America continent, the United States of America. However, in these two hundred and fifty years, the relationship between Europe and the U. S. has always been fluctuating, and the attitude of their people towards each other has been changing all the time. So what are the reasons for this fluctuating ...
Metternich served as a host in an 1814 convention in Vienna, Austria. His beliefs on this matter were based on the following principles: compensation, legitimacy, and balance of power. Compensation meant that France should repay every European country it fought the expenses for the war. Legitimacy was defined as the return of absolute monarchs to each kingdom. Finally balance of power implied that no country shall have too much power in Europe so that event?s similar to the Napoleonic France will not repeat themselves. Some of the major issues discussed and resolved there were France?s punishment, the division of new borders, the reestablishment of rulers, and enforcing new policies of the Congress of Vienna. France was punished in three major aspects. First of all, it had to gradually repay every country it fought expenses for the war. Second, it would lose all land it gained under Napoleon?s conquest and return its territory to that of 1790. Lastly, it will reestablish a monarchy. The borders were redrawn so that each country received a fair portion of land, as well as established buffer states, or neutral territories around France. King Louis XVIII took the throne as the king of France and the rest would be appointed by hereditary methods.
Forming alliances enforced these new policies. The Quadruple Alliance, consisting of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and later France, served the purpose of was to preserve the boundaries, to prevent Napoleon or his heirs from ever acquiring French rule, and stop any revolutionary movements from taking hold of Europe. Another alliance, Holy Alliance, included Russia, Prussia, and Austria, and encouraged the rulers to act as a union of monarchs. Both of these alliances provided European nations a chance to work together. They would meet at assemblies known as the Concert of Europe. This kept Europe unchangeable for forty years. In my opinion, this series of events did not fulfill the causes of the French Revolution because France ended up being where it started, with a monarch in charge. In conclusion, I think that all of these events took part in France?s changes during the peak of the 19th century were important in building the nation?s history. However, they were completely purposeless considering France was back where it started, thirty years ago, with a monarch.
The Essay on Monaco – Ancient Country
Monaco, Is an ancient country that has a rich and colorful history. It is considered by many to be Europe’s most fascinating country. Monico is a popular resort, attracting many tourists to its casinos and sandy beaches. Monaco is the smallest independent country in Europe. It is located on the southeastern part of France, and borders the Mediterranean Sea and is surrounded by France. The ...
Bibliography:
asdsfsdsdfasdfsdfaf sdafasdf asdf sdafsfdadf
