Galileo Galileo was born in Pisa in 1564, the son of Vincenzo Galilei, well known for his studies of music. He studied at Pisa, where he later held the chair in mathematics from 1589 – 1592. He was then appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Padua, where he remained until 1610. During these years he carried out studies and experiments in mechanics, and also built a thermoscope.
He devised and constructed a geometrical and military compass, and wrote a handbook, which describes how to use this instrument. In 1594 he obtained the patent for a machine to raise water levels. He invented the microscope, and built a telescope with which he made celestial observations, the most spectacular of which was his discovery of the satellites of Jupiter. In 1610 he was nominated the foremost Mathematician of the University of Pisa and given the title of mathematician to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. He studied Saturn and observed the phases of Venus.
In 1611 he went to Rome. He became a member of the Academia dei Lin cei and observed the sunspots. In 1612 he began to encounter serious opposition to his theory of the motion of the earth that he taught after Copernicus. In 1614, Father Tommaso Cacc ini denounced the opinions of Galileo on the motion of the Earth from the pulpit of Santa Maria Novella, judging them to be erroneous.
Galileo therefore went to Rome, where he defended himself against charges that had been made against him but in 1616, he was admonished by Cardinal Bellarmine and told that he could not defend Copernican astronomy because it went against the doctrine of the Church. In 1622 he wrote the Saggiatore (The Assayer), which was approved and published in 1623. In 1630 he returned to Rome to obtain the right to publish his Dialogue on the two chief world systems, which was eventually published in Florence in 1632. In October of 1632 the Holy Office to Rome summoned him. The tribunal passed a sentence condemning him and compelled Galileo to solemnly abjure his theory. He was sent to exile in Siena and finally, in December of 1633, he was allowed to retire to his villa in Arcetri, the Gioielli.
The Essay on Galileo Discoveries Pisa Years
... world. On one of his journeys to Rome, around 1611, Galileo received honour by Pope Paul V. In ... career at the University of Pisa where he studied to be a physician. Galileo made his first important ... Grand Duke of Tuscany. His discoveries which were published in 1610 in his book called Side reus Nuncios ... off back home to experiment. In Galileo s third year at Pisa he began to study mathematics and ...
His health condition was steadily declining, – by 1638 he was completely blind, and also by now bereft of the support of his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste, who died in 1634. Galileo died in Arcetri on 8 January 1642. For the family of Galileo, see the genealogical tree. Within the Museo, Sala IV is entirely dedicated to Galileo and his studies; among other things are preserved the lenses, the inclined plane, the lodestone, the model of the application of the pendulum to the clock, several portraits and a relic. This is a copy of the instrument that Galileo devised to measure hot and cold during his Padua n period. This consisted of a glass bottle of about the size of an egg, with a long glass neck.
This bottle was heated with the hands and then immersed partially in a vessel containing a liquid. When the hands were removed from the bottle, the liquid rose to a certain height in the neck, remaining above the level of the liquid in the vessel. This instrument, which should not be confused with the reduction compass, is a sophisticated and versatile calculating device. It renders possible several geometrical and arithmetical operations by comparing the sides of similar triangles. This instrument is the result of the combination of two lenses, one plane-concave and the other plane-convex inside a tube.
The lenses are placed with one close to the eye (ocular) and the other at the other end of the tube (objective).
The invention can be imputed to artisans from Holland, but it was Galileo who improved the instrument, increasing its enlarging power and transforming it into a formidable instrument for astronomical research.
