The Glass Ceiling: Fact or Illusion The glass ceiling is it a fact or an illusion? The two words “Glass Ceiling” are used to describe the barrier that exists for women and minorities-when it comes to getting promoted into the upper echelons of a company. Does the ceiling exist or is it a figment of the imagination? The writer intentions are to present a picture of that ceiling, and show how it plays a part in corporate America. That in fact the ceiling is an injustice being done to women and minorities, and it does exist. Glass is clear, something that can be seen through.
A ceiling is the overhead surface of a room, the end point of how high the room is. “If glass ceilings existed, they would allow people to see through to the world above them. Because glass is clear, those existing under such a ceiling might not, at first, even notice that a barrier was in place, which separated them from higher levels. Yet if they tried to pass through, they would quickly learn that the ceiling prevented any such rise” (Russell Madison).
The glass ceiling represents modern day racism, not only against minorities, but women as well. Therefore, history has contributed much to the situation. You see, men (white males) have always thought of themselves as the superior being of all races, and gender. A woman’s place was always in the home, cooking, cleaning, and raising the children. Minorities (blacks) roles were as slaves, never meant to own anything for themselves, but only to serve. Discrimination is a more polite way to look at it.
The Essay on Affirmative Action Minority Women America
'I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.' - Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (6). Dr. King stated this in his famous "I have a Dream's peach in Washington, D. C. in 1963. Is affirmative action still needed in America? Affirmative action is still needed because America does ...
‘Discrimination occurs when the civil rights of an individual are denied or interfered with because of their membership in a particular group or class. Statutes have been enacted to prevent discrimination based on a person’s race, sex, religion, age, previous condition of servitude, physical limitation, national origin and in some instances sexual preference.” (web rights. html).
Studies and statistics show that in fact, there exists such a discrimination barrier in corporate America. Being a member of management and a minority the writer has witnessed promotions, and pay raises given on the bases of who hunts, fishes, or plays golf with the boss, and not on job performances and merits. Today, the writer attends school, to get a degree, for the purpose of advancing his career.
He has been told that competing without one, even with the experience that he has, would not be sufficient. So there is in fact a barrier of discrimination, a glass ceiling. It seems to be that the biggest barrier to women and minorities at top management levels is the bunch of boys sitting around a table making all the decisions. In other words when a decision has to be made concerning who should be promoted to senior management, male corporate leaders are inclined to select people as much like themselves as possible – so there is no astonishment that women and minorities are often not even considered at promotion time. The guys at the top look at their former colleagues and old school ties as resource pools.
The first light was shed by the bipartisan Glass Ceiling Commission report on corporate America’s dismal record of advancing women and minorities to upper-level management and decision-making positions. “U. S. Labor Secretary Robert Reich headed the commission. The results are stark. In 1992, white males, while making up only 43% of the total labor force at Fortune 1, 000 Industrial and Fortune 500 Service companies, were 97% of the senior level decision making positions.
The Essay on Affirmative Action Women Discrimination Minorities
What Does Equal Mean "All men are created equal," as affirmed in the Constitution of the United States of America. This is a statement that no America claims to dispute but it has been disputed many times when it comes to the issue of affirmative action. Both sides of the debate have over examined moral and ethical issues concerning affirmative action while forgetting to scrutinize the system that ...
The paper includes multiple examples of the biased policies many-but not all-white corporate officers’ employ to support their exclusionary decisions.” (Black Enterprise, Sept 1995 v 26 n 2 p 22).
Minority men and women still lag behind in holding high management positions. It tends to be that those who are fortunate enough to get promoted into those positions serve only as tokens, or as company quotas that have to be met. They ” re only able to exert a limited amount of authority-of which if used the wrong way would instantly mean career suicide.
A glass ceiling inequality represents a gender or racial difference that is greater at higher levels of an organization than at lower levels. “Over the last ten years, the proportion of African-American men and women holding management positions has only ranged between 5 and 7 percent.”Despite legislative mandates to eradicate racial discrimination in the workplace, African-American managers still encounter a number of highly interrelated barriers that operate at the individual, group, and organizational level to restrict their advancement. At the individual level, the foremost barrier to their advancement is subtle racism and prejudice. They still work in an environment where Whites hold negative stereotypes and attitudes about their suitability and competence for management responsibility. They also experience more overt racial harassment in the work place in the form of racial slurs, racial jokes, and abusive language. Inter-group conflicts and exclusion from formal and informal networks create dynamics on a group level that further restrict their mobility.
Other barriers are embedded within organization systems. African-American managers have less access to mentors, are subjected to bias in the rating of their performance and, and are functionally segregated into jobs less likely to be on the path to top levels of management.” (web archive / gov reports / glass ceiling / default . html? page = papers%2 F 1 front) Since the mid-1980 s, advocates have worked hard to convince the business world that women and minorities are as capable as White men in high executive positions, and that their inclusion in the executive suite would contribute greatly to the success of a company. “The pioneering book in this area was Morrison et al.’s Breaking the Glass Ceiling, which brought the term ‘glass ceiling’ into the lexicon in 1987.
The Review on Motivation Factors Of Management Level Of Hotel Employees In Hong Kong
Hong Kong is famous for the hotel industry, and many people want to work in this industry. However, what really attract them to work for the hotel? Previous study shows that for the Asian countries such as Hong Kong, Japan the money is their primary goals for working. (Lam 2001 p.157). In different culture, they have different goal they are aim. As the Asian have a higher expect for the money as ...
This work was based on interviews with 76 executive women, and was qualitative in nature.” (Glass Ceiling Commission, 1991) The glass ceiling is an illusion, in the sense that, there is no such thing as a Glass Ceiling. The fact is; there is indeed, an invisible, artificial barrier that exists, that prevents qualified individuals from advancing within their organization and reaching full potential. Today it is evident that ceilings and walls exist throughout most workplaces for minorities and women. These barriers result from institutional and psychological practices, and limit the advancement and mobility opportunities of men and women of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. Until promotions and advancements are based on an individual’s capabilities and job performance, the Glass Ceiling will always be there.
Bibliography Black Enterprise, Sept 1995 v 26 n 2 p 22 Lawlor, Julia (1990).
‘Cracks in the Glass Ceiling’. USA Today, June 1. Powell, Gary N. (1993).
Women and Men in Management.
Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Reuter, Andrea Shall-Esa (1992).
‘US initiative aims to smash glass ceiling.’ The Financial Post. August 20: p. 36. Nais bitt, John and Patricia Aberdeen (1990).
Mega trends 2000. New York: William Morrow. 217-219. Powell, Gary N. and D. Anthony Butterfield (1994).
‘Investigating the Glass Ceiling Phenomenon: an empirical study of actual promotions to top management.’ Academy of Management Journal. 37 (1): 68-86. Richards, Rhonda (1992).
‘Cracks seen in glass ceiling.’ USA Today: August 11. Shen hav, Y.
(1992).
‘Entrance of blacks and women into managerial positions in scientific and engineering occupations: A longitudinal analysis.’ Academy of Management Journal. 35: 889-901. United States Department of Labor (1995).
The Term Paper on No Glass Ceilings for Woman
... difference between women who have succeeded to general management and those who still see the glass ceiling above them. (Breaking the Glass Ceiling 1992, 137) ... Barriers 1991, I, xi) Today more than ever, the opportunity to become a very successful professional woman is there for the ... category, even in the operation of this government. Today the modern women of America stand as a living model for ...
Good for Business: Making full use of the nation’s human capital.
Washington, D. C. (Also known as the Final Report of the Glass Ceiling Commission).
web archive / gov reports / glass ceiling / default . html? page = papers%2 F 1 front.
