Glow of Gold – possessed through the ages Possession is nine-tenths of the law, and this has never been truer than in the case of jewellery. Call it an aesthetic impulse or love for beauty, but what it all comes down to is just an inherent need to acquire, to possess. That’s how Indians are engineered! In ancient India, large herds of cows, stables of horses, elephants and jewellery were considered the only valuable treasures worth having. One’s status in society was gauged by how costly one’s jewellery was and how much of it you wore on festive occasions. Times may have changed, but gold jewellery is still possessed across the length and breadth of India.
In 2001, India consumed 843 tonnes of the yellow metal, and all over the world, more than 85% of gold was in the form of jewellery. The earliest records of adorning the human body with precious metal goes back to the civilisations of Mohenjodaro and Harappa. Ancient India buzzed with the carving, embellishing and polishing that was the art of jewellery making. The Indus Valley Civilisation Head ornaments, necklaces, armlets, wristlets and bangles were everywhere. Craftsmen were especially adept at gilding copper with gold – simulating the modern technique of enameling. Among the things excavated from the forgotten city, was a famous necklace of 240 round gold beads, another of 13 pendants composed of several beads strung together on a copper wire.
The Term Paper on Nepal & India
India and Nepal on 27 November 2011 signed a revised Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA). This will help prevent tax evasion and facilitate exchange of information on banking between the two countries. DTAA, will allow Indian traders and investors to enjoy tax relaxation in India once they pay taxes in Nepal. The agreement is also likely to increase confidence of investors and help Nepal ...
Graeco-Roman jewellery at Taks hila Following Alexander the Great’s conquests, the jewellery at this time was distinctly Greek or Graeco-Roman in style and form. Famous finds included a gold coin of Queen Faustina’s head tied as a central pendant between two tortoise-shaped gold beads in a necklace. Claw or tooth pendants exhibiting numerous motifs like the swastika, the pipal leaf, bells and clubs were worn as amulets; elaborate necklaces that indicate the beginning of kundan work, later made so popular by the Mughals were traced to this era. The Mauryas In this prosperous period, there was a great pooling in of economic resources that was reflected in people’s ornate jewels. Silver, gold, pearls, carnelian, lapis lazuli and other precious stones were all the rage.
South Indian Jewellery Long before the Christian era, jewellery making was highly proficient in the South. Beautiful Roman gold coins were in free flow thanks to the brisk trade between South India and the Roman world. These coins were often made into necklaces and bracelets. Popular motifs included fish, dragons, lions, dancers and horses.
There were several famous designs that originated in this period: Necklaces or phalahahara, which consisted oh pha lakas (gold coins) or even rectangular gems strewn on a pearl necklace; earrings or kundalas (which were crescent-shaped or square with a lotus flower, the stalk of which is curled in the earlobe), and the patra-kundalas, golden earrings with a rolled palm leaf design; girdles known as r asana (made from gold chains), mek hala (dark beads) composed of a number of strings of gold, pearls and beads; anklets or kinki nis which had small bells that jingled. Gupta period This was when the art of gems and jewellery was at its peak. Jewellery was a social must during this time. Ornaments were worn all over the body. The crown, kir tika, was mandatory for kings, while women wore gems like the chud amani (a full-blown lotus with petals of pearls and precious stones) and makarka (a crocodile-shaped jewel) at the parting of the hair. Pallavas and Chola periods Gold, pearls and earrings (round, circular discs studded with stones), waistbands, armlets and leg ornaments were the fashion statement.
The Essay on Pearl In Sletter
What is the greatest sin that can be committed by a human being? Is it murder, robbery, or something else? There is no exact answer to this question; it depends on one's own view of sin. In The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a woman by the name of Hester Prynne is condemned for committing a sin, which is adultery. The townspeople, who are Puritans, consider adultery a terrible crime that ...
Famous finds: earrings resembling a bunch of grapes or a geometrical cluster of gems; bangles or k hadi or gajulu; bracelets or sve chitika or baru jura; wristlets or ruchika and chitika. Chandel la period Ear ornaments – kundalas, balas (gold rings studded with pearls and precious stones), p hula jhu maka, and karnaphula (a star-shaped or flower-shaped earring, sometimes with a round bud-shaped drop were de rig eur Kakatiya period This was the period that is best described: ‘gold, gold and more gold!’ Famous finds: hair accessories like cherubottu (a strap like ornament studded with precious stones worn at the beginning of the hair parting), j alli (made of pearls) and bottubilla worn at the back of the head; heavy kundalas which were hollow and almost covered the face; necklaces like the panchaphalaka with five pendants or five gold straps, each studded with gems. Vijayanagar period Famous finds from this era: bai tale bott u – a pendant for the forehead; r agate – a circular jewel worn on the back of the head, studded with precious stones; jadde hoo vu – floral jewel on the plait; jadde b angara – gold disc covering a plait; kuch chu – a tassel decorating the end of the hair Islamic jewellery The lavish and gracious Persian culture was reflected in the craftsmanship of the Mughal era.
Superb draughtsmanship, controlled rhythmic linear ism and the balanced colour scheme marked Indian jewellery during the time. This period was known for jewellery of all kinds including Golconda diamonds, Arabian pearls, the pigeon-blood Burmese ruby, Udaipur emeralds and exquisite kundan work. Earrings like karanphul (which resembled a rose), bali, janjhar, jhu mka, la dli (a gold chain attached with a chand bali, to fix in the ears), nose rings like nath (gold ring studded with ruby and two pearls), moira, nak-ka-moti, feet ornaments – ghungroo, paypal, zan jeer, tika (worn on the forehead), as also the moti-ki-lad i worn at the hair parting.
And it continues… the 21 st century has seen innovation in designs and all of them in gold. The trend is toward lighter delicately woven pieces that can accessorize funky western wear – designs that are a fusion of Indian and western designs are in. But the most interesting trend of all, is that gold is not old. The antique look is the latest rage, and shows that gold has, and always be, possessed forever!
The Essay on Fashionable Were Heart Shaped Or Stud Earrings Hair Thirties Seventies
slump the fashions changed. Longer and narrower skits that gradually flared out fell to the bottom of the calf (Costantino 8). In 1931, Gabrielle Chanel showed a collection of evening dresses that helped to betterment cotton as a fashion. The style of the skirts had pleats from the knees to the calves (Costantino 6). The evening gowns were usually fitting to the body from the shoulders to the ...
