Geography Exam Review
Grade 9
1) Unit 1- Introduction to Geography
a) What is Geography?
* Geography is the study of the Earth’s physical and human systems/features and the relationships among them. * Physical Features: rivers, mountains, etc.
* Human Features: buildings, cities, etc.
b) The Five Themes of Geography
* Location (Absolute and Relative)
* Absolute and relative locations are 2 ways of describing the positions of the Earth’s physical and cultural features. * Ex: Mogadishu, Somalia, is at 2 degrees north latitude, 45 degrees east longitude.
* Place (Physical and Human Characteristics)
* All places on Earth have special features that distinguish them from other places. * Ex: Lake Baikal is 25 million years old, more than one mile wide, and contains 1/5 of the Earth’s fresh water.
* Human-Environment Interactions (Relationships Within Places) * People interact with their environment and change them in different ways. * Ex: 90% of America’s garbage is buried in landfill sites, the cheapest option to waste disposal.
* Movement (Mobility of People, Goods, and Ideas)
* How things move from one place to another (information, objects, people) * Ex: AIDS is believed to have started in equatorial Africa. It has been transmitted to other parts of the world via tourists, immigrants, and military personnel.
* Regions (How They Form and Change)
* Regions are areas on the surface of the Earth that are defined by certain unifying characteristics. * Ex: Mexico and Germany are subdivided
The Essay on Impact Of Geography Geographic Feature
Throughout history, geography has had an impact on the development of nations and regions. Geographic features that which have shaped the world include mountains, monsoons, rivers, coastlines, location, as well as many others. Three countries whose development were majorly affected by geographic features are Mali, Japan, and Greece. One geographic feature which shaped the country of Mali is it's ...
into states; Canada and France call their subdivisions provinces.
c) Mapping
* What is a Map?
* A map is a representation of the Earth’s features drawn on a flat surface.
* Types of Maps
* General Purpose Map
* Provides many types of information on one map.
* Ex: Water, roads, railways, lines, parks.
* Thematic Maps
* Shows specific information about one particular topic.
* Ex: Canada’s populations, Canada’s wonderland.
* Topographic Maps
* Shows a variety of features of land.
* Ex: Mountains, rivers, landforms.
* Large Scale Maps
* Shows a large amount of detail of a small area.
* Ex: Cities, towns, residential communities.
* Small Scale Maps
* Shows a small amount of detail of a large area.
* Ex: Countries, continents.
* Map Requirements (BOLTSS)
* B= Border
* To keep map within boundaries
* O= Orientation
* Shows direction
* L= Legend
* So people know what colours/symbols mean
* T= Title
* What your map shows
* S= Scale
* Shows distance on a map compared to real life distances
* S= Source
* To show where info is from
