Greek Empire (600 B. C 1 A. D) Doric Order- entasis- swelling of the columns-always used for largest temples-alternating triglyph’s and metopesIonic Order – scrolls-shafts are thinner- no triglyph’s in frieze Corinthian Order -large temples-no triglyph’s, just metope’s. Archaic Period – 600-500 B. C- stiff and rigid pose- focused on anatomy- archaic smile- Kouros, Kore – male and female archaic sculptures.
Classical Period- depict distinct motion (Apollo belvedere) 350 B. C roman copy- idealism, focusing on strength of Greece as a whole. Venus D’ Milo – Roman Goddess of love 100 B. C Located in the Louvre Athena Nike (Victory) 100 B. C Depicted w/ wings Not marble Standing in front of ship going into battle Also at the Louvre Hellenistic Period- Figure 3.
5 Dying Gaul Roman copy 220 B. C- Greeks respected the enemy, showed them dying in dignity. – Figure 3. 17 Vatican, Laocoon (priest of Troy).
Early first century, marble. – Priest of Troy being punished by the Gods for warning against accepting horse from the Greeks. Sea serpents attacked him and his sons. Beautiful anatomy. Bronze Bronzes are made by making two molds (one larger than the other), pouring melted bronze in between them, and breaking the molds away. Bronzes are hollow.
Bronze was more durable outdoors. Figure 2. 24 Zus. Rome 200 B. C.
– 200 A. D. (height of Roman Empire. ) -conquered Greece in 136 B.
C- did not oppress conquered nations, rather embraced the art and sculpture (many Greek sculptures are Roman copies. ) Sculpture did not represent entire nation (Greeks), but the individual. -no idealism, reflected humanism. (down to earth) 1.
The Essay on Greek Vs Roman Sculpture
In the Early and High Classical periods, it is clear that the Greek sculptors have moved away from the rigid frontal pose of the human body, for example, the Archaic examples of kouroi and korai statues. One of the best and earliest examples of a freestanding statue to exhibit more lifelike and natural qualities is the Kritios Boy from the Acropolis in Athens. The Kritios Boy is a example of ...
Head of Roman Emperor Caligula – crazy emperor, appointed horses as member as members of government. Difference between civilizations: Greek want to ascend into world of thought and higher knowledge. Romans are builders, conquerors, rulers. Bust – sculpture that ends at the neck. Romans were not obsesses w/ anatomy. – used as family photo album.
– varied in quality- bronze and marble. Gaius Cease (11 years old) Full statue, bronze. – family propaganda, dressed in senate garment. Roman Inventions Equestrian statue – always larger than life, outdoors. (Fig 4. 8) Marcus Aurelius c.
175 A. D-shown as general and statesman. (double capacity) -great philosopher-bony face, curly hair. -Patina – (chemical reaction) green coating on bronze that keeps it from rotting away. Arches System – held together by keystone. Dome – fig.
4. 20 Pantheon c. 120 A. Roman Empire Pompeii – Middle class society-Active volcano that preserved the city (remained covered from 79 A. D -1700 A.
D) -Romans began giving significance to the floor. -Practical, built houses in stone. Roman Buildings Domus – middle-class home. – square in shape- series of rooms- atrium- center courtyard Insula – rental building, glass windows, 2-3 stories high. – – 2 beams supporting cross beam.
Temple – fig 4. 20 Pantheon c. 120 A. D Palace – based on design of original domus Significant BuildingsColloseum – 80 A. D Pilaster – squared columns Maison Carree – Nimes, France 16 B. C marble.
Arches – 489 A. D – collapse of Roman Empire 489-800 = dark ages Romanesque 750-1200 A. Pantheon – empty pediment 120 A. D Inscription on frieze No fluting in columns Dome, (28 ft. ) Interior space Coffers- box pattern on dome.
