During the Vietnam war everyone had a different idea of what was right and wrong. Some people wanted a war and others didn?t.. One thing for sure whatever side people were on they were willing to fight for what they believed in. People would protest the war and others would lie to help us get into the war. When the Gulf of Tonkin incident happened it was one of the most controversial things that had ever happened. The President of the United States went in front of Congress and the American people and lied about what had actually happened in the Gulf of Tonkin. In July 1964 the U.S. was patrolling the Gulf of Tonkin in North Vietnam. The destroyer was patrolling the coast seeking reconnaissance on the North Vietnamese. At the same time the Maddox was seeking reconnaissance, a number of smaller ships were conducting covert operations in the gulf against the North Vietnamese. These smaller ships were shelling the offshore islands. (Microsoft Encarta) On August 2nd while the Maddox was on so called ?patrol duty? they were attacked by North Vietnamese patrol boats. That is what was claimed by the crew and captain of the ship.(the war in Vietnam Pg24) On August 4th the USS C.
Turner Joy, another U.S. destroyer, reported that their ship had been fired upon. (Microsoft Encarta) The two destroyers believed they were under attack and called two nearby U.S. aircraft carriers, the Ticonderoga and the Constellation, for retaliatory air strikes. (Microsoft Encarta) Fighter planes from the two aircraft carriers bombed North Vietnamese navel vessels and also a major petroleum storage center in the city of Vinh. (Vietnam Wars pg. 118) Later there would be serious doubts about whether the Maddox or the C. Turner Joy had ever even been attacked at all. Neither ship had been at all damaged and there had been no US casualties. When a ship is under attack from another ship there will be signs of an attack; A hole in the ship or a dead gunman. Neither of the two vessels even had a scratch. After Johnson had ordered the first air strikes against the North Vietnamese territory he went on television telling the American people about the ?alleged? attacks so he could gain their support. (Microsoft Encarta) After he had gained everyone?s support the US Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin resolution which effectively handed over war-making powers to Johnson until such time as ?peace and security? had returned to Vietnam.
The Term Paper on Lyndon Johnson North Vietnam
... installations, Johnson held bombing raids on North Vietnam. Rather than acknowledge the war had escalated, Johnson at first In ... July 2, 1955 Johnson suffered a massive heart attack. He slowly recuperated and returned to the ... see Johnson was one of the most powerful people at the time. Johnson, the first Southerner ... that he send in Marines and ordered water shipped from the U. S. mainland. Then, on ...
Later after all of the major parts of the war had declined a lot of things were found out. First of all it was found that the real reason that the US Maddox was in those waters was because they were involved in electronic espionage. (Grolier?s) It was found that the second attack on the Maddox and the Turner Joy was erroneous. These facts would later lead to the Congress passing the war powers When President Johnson went before Congress to try to get the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution passed he lied to Congress and the American people. Here is the speech he gave to Congress. ?Last night I announced to the American people that the North Vietnamese regime had conducted further deliberate attacks against US naval vessels operating in international waters and I therefor directed air action against gunboats and supporting facilities used in there hostile operations. After consulting with the leaders of both parties in the Congress, I further announced a decision to ask the Congress for a resolution expressing the unity and determination of the United States in supporting freedom and in protecting peace in Southeast Asia. The latest actions of the North Vietnamese regime has given a new and grave turn to the already serious situation in Southeast Asia.
Our commitments in that area are well known in Congress. They were further defined in the Southeast Asia collective defense treaty approved by the Senate in February 1955. This treaty with its accompanying protocol obligates the United States and other members to act in accordance with their constitutional process to meet communist aggression against any parties or protocol states. Our policy in Southeast Asia has been consistent and unchanged since 1954. I summarize it on June 2 in four simple propositions: 1. America keeps her word. here as elsewhere, we must and shall honor our commitment. 2. The issue is the future of Southeast Asia as a whole. A threat to any nation in that region is a threat to all, and a threat to the United States. 3. Our purpose is peace. We have no military or political or territorial ambitions in this area. 4. This is not just a jungle war, but a struggle for freedom on every front of human activity. Our military and economic assistance to South Vietnam and Laos in particular has the purpose of helping these countries to repel aggression and strengthen their independence. The threat to the free nations of Southeast Asia has long been clear.
The Essay on Peace And Conflict Resolution In Southeast Asia 4
Peace and Conflict Resolution in Southeast Asia In Southeast Asia period of colonialism has largely ended after The Second World War. The leaders of popular anti-colonial movement had European education and after they acquired political power in their countries, they mostly just remodeled their governmental institutions after European and American ones. This is where lies the root of todays ...
The North Vietnamese regime has constantly sought to take over South Vietnam and Laos. The North Vietnam regime has maintained military forces, used Laotian territory for infiltration into South Vietnam, and most recently carried out combat operations- all in direct violation of the Geneva Agreements of 1962. we must make it clear to all that the United States in its determination to bring about the end of communist subversion and aggression in the area.? President Lyndon Johnson August 5, 1964 The Congress o the United states followed Johnson?s message with the Joint Resolution. The Joint Resolution of Congress was made of August 7, 1964. it was resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives o the United States of America in Congress assembled.
Section 1- That the Congress approves and supports the determination of the president , as commander and chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent future aggression. Section 2- The United States regards as vital to its national interests and to world peace, the maintenance of international peace, and security in Southeast Asia. consistant with the Constitution of the united States and the character of the United Nations and in accordance with its obligations under the South East Asia Collective Defense Treat., The United States is therefore prepared, as the president determines, to take all necessary steps including the use of armed forces, to assist any member of protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty requesting assistance in Section 3- This resolution shall expire when the President shall determine that the peace and security of the area is reasonably assured by international conditions created by action of the United States or otherwise, except that it may be terminated earlier by concurrent resolution of the Congress. When the act was passed by Congress it gave President Johnson the ability to make decisions about the war without consulting Congress.
The Term Paper on Civil Rights Congress President Administration
30. President - Calvin Coolidge Term - August 3, 1923 to March 3, 1929 Coolidge set out to establish a working relationship with the leading members of the Harding administration, and he drew on many people for advice and help. The scandals of Harding's presidency, particularly the Teapot Dome oil affair, were coming to light, and Coolidge spent much of his time defending his party. His relations ...
The law was almost giving the President all of the power. This went against everything the Constitution stood for. It completely canceled out checks and balances. The War Powers Act was written on November 7, 1973. The act was passed to limit the presidents power during war. The act became public law 93-148. The War Power Act was as follows: section 2(a)- It is the purpose of this joint resolution to fulfil the intent of the framers of the Constitution of the United States and insure that the collective judgement of both the Congress and the President will apply to the introduction of the United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicate by the circumstances, and to the continued use of such forces in hostilities or in such situations. (b)- Under article I, section 8 of the constitution, it specifically provided that the Congress shall have the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution, not only its own power but also all other powers vested by the Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any (c)- The constitutional powers of the President as Commander-in-Chief to introduce United States Armed Forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, are exercised only pursuant to 1/ a declaration of war, 2/ specific statutory authorization, or 3/ a national emergency created by attack upon the United States, it territories or possessions, or its armed forces.
The Essay on Day Care State Investigators York
Currently there are only about twelve or so day-care investigators on Long Island, whose responsibilities are to inspect and monitor all 1, 659 providers caring for 35, 319 preschool children in Nassau and Suffolk Counties. This number of investigators is insufficient, and has hindered the ability of these two counties to properly inspect the quality of day care in their areas. These inspectors ...
section 3- The president in every possible instance shall consult with Congress before introducing United States Armed forces into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances, and after every such introduction shall consult regularly with Congress until United states Armed forces are no longer engaged in hostilities or have been removed Section 4 (A)- In the absence of a declaration of war, in any case in which the United States Armed 1- into hostilities, or into situations where imminent involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by 2- into the territory, airspace, or waters of a foreign nation, while equipped for combat, except for deployment which relate solely to supply, replacement, repair, or training of such forces; or 3- a- the circumstances necessitating the introduction of the United States Armed forces; b- the constitutional and legislative authority under which such introduction took place; and c- the estimated scope and duration of the hostilities or involvement. Section 4 (B)- The President shall provide such other information as the Congress may request in the fulfillment of its constitutional responsibilities with respect to sending the Nation to war and to the use of United States Armed forces abroad.
Section 4 (c)- Whenever the United Stated Armed Forces are introduced into hostilities or into any situation described in subsection (a) of this section, the President shall, so long as such armed forces continue to be engaged in such hostilities or situation, report to the Congress periodically on the status of such hostilities or situation as well as on the scope and duration of such hostilities or situation, but in no event shall he report to the Congress less often than once every six months. Section 5 (a)- Each report summated pursuant to section 4(A)(1) shall be transmitted of the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the President pro temp of the Senate on the same calendar day. each report so transmitted shall be referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and to the committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate of appropriate action. If, when the report is transmitted, the Congress has adjourned sine die or has adjourned for any period in excess of three calendar days, the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the president pro temp of the Senate, if they deem it advisable (or if petitioned by at least 30 percent of the membership of their respective Houses) shall jointly request the President to convene Congress in order that it may consider the report and take appropriate action pursuant to this section.
The Research paper on Jaws Resolution Template
1. Make a copy of this document on your computer (it can be on your hard drive or on removable media, such as a thumb drive). 2. Save the document before you begin to answer the questions. 3. Save your document frequently as you move through the assignment. 4. Save your final document, and then close it and exit the word processing program. 5. Then open the D2L page for your laboratory section and ...
Section 5 (b)- Within sixty calendar days after a report is submitted or is required to be submitted pursuant to section 4(a)(1), whichever is earlier, the President shall terminate any use of United States Armed Forces with respect to which such report was submitted (or required to be submitted), unless the Congress 1- has declared was or has enacted a specific authorization for such use of the United States Armed Forces, 2- has extended by law such sixty day period, or 3- is physically unable to meet as a result of an armed attack on the United States. Such sixty day period shall be extended for not more that an additional thirty days if the President determines and certifies to the Congress in writing that unavoidable military necessity respecting the safety of the United States Armed Forces requires the continued use of such armed forces in the course of bringing about a prompt removal of such forces. Section 5 (c) Notwithstanding subsection (b), at any time the United states Armed Forces are engaged in hostilities outside the territory of the United states, its possessions and territories without a declaration of war or specific statuary authorization, such forces shall be removed by the President if the Congress so directs by concurrent resolution.
Congressional Priority Procedures for Joint Resolution or Bill Section 6(a)- Any joint resolution or bill introduced pursuant to section 5(b) at least thirty calendar days before the expiration of the sixty day period specified in such section shall be referred to the Committee of Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives or the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, as the case may be, and such committee shall report one such joint resolution or bill, together with its recommendations, not later than twenty four cleared days before the expiration of the sixty day period specified in such section, unless such House shall otherwise determine by the yeas and Section 6(b)- Any joint resolution or bill so reported shall become the pending business of the House in question (in the case of the Senate the time for debate shall be equally divided between the proponents and the opponents), and shall be voted on within three calendar days thereafter, unless the House other wise determine by yeas and nays.
The Essay on Opposition Speech Against House Resolution 3243
Poverty indeed has many faces. But its indelible mark of pain and misery is unmistakable in the nameless faces and faceless names of those who suffer from it. The destitute who are living on a perilous edge. The lowly who are struggling to hang on amidst hard choices between hunger, housing, health care and education for their families. Yet, our government is still on an ambiguous trail towards ...
Section 6(c)- Such a joint resolution or bill passed by one House shall be refereed to the committee of the other house named in subsection (a) and shall be reported on not later that fourteen calendar days before the expiration of the sixty day period specified in section 5(b).
The joint resolution or bill so reported shall become the pending business of the House in question and shall be voted on within three calendar days after it has been reported, unless such House shall otherwise determine by yeas and Section 6(d)- In the case of any disagreement between the two Houses of Congress with respect to a joint resolution or bill passed by both houses, conferees shall be promptly appointed and the committee of conference shall make and file a report with respect to such resolution or bill not later than four calendar days before the expiration of the sixty day period. In the event the conferees are unable to agree within 48 hours, they shall report back to their respective Houses in disagreement. Not withstanding any rule in either House concerning the printing of conference reports in the Record or concerning any delay in the consideration of such reports, such reports shall be acted on by Houses not later than the expiration of such sixty day period. Congressional Priority Procedures for Concurrent resolution Section 7(a)- Any concurrent resolution introduced pursuant to section 5(b) at least thirty calendar days before the expiration of the sixty day period specified in such section shall be referred to the Committee on Foreign affairs of the House of representatives or the Committee on foreign relations of the Senate, as the case may be, and one such concurrent resolution shall be reported out by such committee together with its recommendations within fifteen calendar days unless such House shall otherwise determine by the yeas and nays. Section 7(b)- Any concurrent resolution so reported shall become the pending business of the House in question (in the case of the Senate the time for debate shall be equally divided between the proponents and the opponents), and shall be voted within three calendar days thereafter, unless such House shall otherwise determine by yeas or nays. Section 7(c)- Such a concurrent resolution passed by one House shall be referred to the committee of the other House named in subsection (a) and shall be reported out by such committee together with its recommendations within three calendar days after it has been reported, unless such House shall Section 7 (d)- In the case of any disagreement between the two Houses of Congress with respect to a concurrent resolution passed by both Houses, conferees shall be promptly appointed and the committee of conference shall make a file a report with respect to such concurrent resolution within six calendar days after the legislation is referred to the committee of conference. Not withstanding any rule in either House concerning the printing of conference reports in the record or concerning any delay in the consideration of such reports, such reports shall be acted on by both Houses not later six calendar days after the conference report is filed. In the event the conferees are unable to agree within 48 hours, they shall report back to their respective Houses in disagreement. Section 8(a)- authority to introduce United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into situations wherein involvement in hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances shall not be inferred– 1/ from any provision of law, including any provision contained in any appropriation Act, unless such provision specifically authorizes the introduction of United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into such situations and stating that it is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of this joint resolution: or 2/ from any treaty heretofore or hereafter ratified unless such treaty is implemented by legislation specifically authorizing the introduction of the Untitled States Armed Forces into hostilities or into such situations and stating that it is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the Section 8(b)- Nothing in this joint resolution shall be construed to require any further specific statutory authorization to permit members of the United States Armed Forces to participate jointly with members of the armed forces of one or more foreign countries in the headquarters operations of high level military commands which were established prior to the date of enactment of this joint resolution and pursuant to the United Nations Charter or any treaty ratified by the United States prior to such Section 8(c)- For purposes of this joint resolution, the term ?introduction of United States Armed Forces? includes the assignment of member of such armed forces to command, cordite participate in the movement of, or accompany the regular or irregular military forces of any foreign country or government when such military forces are engaged, or there exist an imminent threat that such forces will become engaged, in hostilities. Section 8(d)- Nothing in this joint resolution– 1/ is intended to alter the constitutional authority of the Congress or of the President, or the provision 2/ shall be counted as granting any authority to the President with respect to the introduction of the United States Armed Forces into hostilities or into situations wherein involvement is hostilities is clearly indicated by the circumstances which authority he would not have had in the absence of this joint resolution. (whole war powers act: internet source II) The War Powers Act was a law that was passed by Congress inorder to limit the powers of the President. The Congress had to pass this law in order to make sure what happened in the Gulf of Tonkin incident could never happen again. To live in the Democratic style of government that we live in no one person can have too much power. Each branch of the government must have an equal amount of power. By dividing the power equally between the three branches it ensures that even if one branch makes a bad move another branch will be there to correct the mistake. It is better that the Congress have the power to declare war because the Congress is made up of a lot of different people, and when you let all of those people make a decision they will usually choose the right one. Where as if you let the President make the decision he is likely to make the wrong one. No one man has the ability to run a country, and make all the right decisions. As you have seen the Gulf of Tonkin was a terrible lie to the American people and the Congress of the United States. Luckily our country will realize what they did wrong and correct it. In the case of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, it was made sure that it would never happen again because of the War Powers act. That is the only way to survive, by learning from your mistakes.
