PAST YEAR QUESTIONS
PAPER 2: Southeast Asian History (9731/02)
Section A: Source-Based Questions
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[2007]
[2008]
[2009]
[2010]
[2011]
[2012]
Success and failure of ASEAN in the early years
ASEAN and the financial crisis of 1997
The formation of ASEAN
Vietnam’s membership of ASEAN
ASEAN’s strengths and weaknesses
Reasons for the formation of ASEAN
Section B: Essay Questions
1. How Independence Was Achieved
1A. Pre-War Nationalism
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[2007] ‘Before 1941, little had been achieved by nationalist movements across SEA.’ Discuss. Achievements of nationalists
[2008] ’Ideology was more important than religion and culture for the growth of nationalist movements in the period before WWII.’ How far do you agree? Reasons for nationalism
[2009] Assess the view that the rise of nationalist movements, before, WWII, was a reaction by the governed to economic exploitation. Reasons for nationalism
[2010] How effectively did colonial governments deal with the challenge of nationalist movements in Southeast Asia in the period before WWII? Colonial strategies
The Term Paper on Account for the Failure of Nationalist Movements in Southeast Asia in the Period 1900-1941
Firstly, the ideological disunity among nationalist manifested through the existence of a myriad of different movements with diverging aims and methods, causing the dilution of mass support necessary for the attainment of political independence. For example, in Burma, the coexistence of the traditional-religious, radical movements led by the pongyis and moderate political movements led by the ...
[2011] Assess the progress made by SEA nationalist movements in the period prior to WWII. Achievements of nationalists
[2012] ‘The measures taken by colonial governments in SEA before WWII merely postponed the eventual success of nationalist movements.’ How far do you agree? Colonial strategies
1B. Japanese Occupation/ Post-War Nationalism
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[2007] Did the USA help or hinder the cause of nationalist movements in SEA in the period following WWII? International support for decolonisation [2008] How far was the process of decolonization affected by the Cold War? International circumstances for decolonisation
[2009] To what extent was the Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia, during WWII, the turning point in the development of nationalist movements? Jap Occ as turning point – helped/ hindered nationalists?
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[2010] Which method was the most effective in the struggle for independence in the years from 1945: collaboration or resistance? Decolonisation strategies
[2011] ‘Nationalist movements in SEA had high quality leadership.’ How far does this explain the end of colonial rule? Role of nationalists in decolonization (mass support, allaying fears, military leadership) [2012] Assess the view that resistance to the Japanese Occupation had the greatest impact on the nationalist movements in SEA. Resistance vs. collaboration
2. Challenges To Independent SEA States
2A. Political Structures
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[2007] How successful were attempts to establish democracy in the newly independent states of Southeast Asia? Success of democratic governments
[2008] ‘Democratic government is not suited to Southeast Asia.’ Discuss with reference to the newly independent states of Southeast Asia. Success/ failure of democratic governments
The Essay on Chinese Government
China is one of the largest countries in the world, and holds 1/5 of the worlds population. With such a vast amount of people China requires a strict government. China is known for its past Dynasties, some that go back to 1766 B.C.. Now the Chinese Communist party controls China. The first Ancient Chinese dynasty is believed to be the Xia (2000-1500 B.C.), Although many argue the Xia never existed ...
[2009] How significant was the Communist influence on the politics of Southeast Asian states since independence? Influence of communism [2011] How democratic have Southeast Asian governments been since independence? Measures of democracy
[2012] Why have levels of military intervention in politics been higher in some states than others in SEA since independence? Reasons for military intervention
2B. Economic Development
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[2007] Assess the causes of the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis Causes of AFC [2010] To what extent was the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 the result of economic mismanagement by Southeast Asian states? Causes of AFC [2011] How effective has the role of governments been in promoting economic development in independent Southeast Asian states? Effectiveness of government economic strategy
[2012] To what extent was the financial crisis in Asia in 1997 the result of currency speculation? Causes of AFC
2C. National Unity
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[2008] Assess the view that education was more important than language and religion in helping to create a national identity in newly independent states. Education vs. language and religion
[2009] Assess the view that the policies of newly independent states towards minorities have been a major cause of political instability. Effects of minority policies
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[2010] Assess the view that language and religion were more important than multiculturalism in creating national unity in independent Southeast Asian states. Language and religion vs. multiculturalism
3. Regional Conflicts And Cooperation
3A. Inter-state Tensions
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[2007] How successful have Southeast Asian nations been in resolving tensions that have arisen between them? Resolution
[2008] ‘Ideology has been the main cause of interstate tensions in Southeast
The Essay on James Fallows Interview Asian Economic China
Overview As Asian markets and economies experienced a drastic slide beginning in the summer of 1997, threatening the stability of other world markets and potentially dampening the technology boom that had been driving world development, the editors began a look at the effects of cultures and economic systems on social and technological change. Following is a Q&A interview with James Fallows. ...
Asia.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Causes
[2009] How effectively have newly independent states in Southeast Asia dealt with territorial disputes between them? Resolution
[2010] ‘Interstate tensions led to greater unity between independent Southeast Asian states in regional cooperation and security.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Consequences
[2011] ‘The most serious causes of interstate tensions in Southeast Asia have been racial and religious in nature.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Causes
[2012] How important have territorial disputes been in causing inter-state tensions between SEA states since independence? Causes
Untested Areas
-‐ Pre-War Nationalism: Aims of early nationalist movements, nature of movements
-‐ Political Structures: Failure of communism
-‐ Economic Development: Economic challenges encountered and strategies adopted, role of different communities
-‐ National Unity: National symbols, ideology
-‐ Inter-state: Cold War, economic, historical factors
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